The Importance of Rehydration
Watery diarrhea causes the body to lose a significant amount of fluid and essential electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, in a short period. This rapid loss can quickly lead to dehydration, a dangerous condition that can cause complications like kidney damage or shock if left untreated. Simply drinking plain water can replace lost fluid but not the critical electrolytes, potentially leading to a low sodium level in the blood (hyponatremia). The ideal drink for rehydrating during a bout of watery diarrhea must replace both fluids and electrolytes in the correct balance.
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS): The Gold Standard
An Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a mixture of clean water, sugar, and salt, formulated specifically to be absorbed in the small intestine to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Unlike other fluids, the ratio of ingredients in an ORS is precisely matched to what the body needs to recover from diarrheal illness. Commercially available ORS products, such as Pedialyte, are widely recommended, especially for children, because they have the correct, balanced composition. While homemade versions exist, they are generally not recommended as a first choice due to the risk of inaccurate measurements, which could worsen the condition.
Other Recommended Drinks for Hydration
While ORS is the superior choice, other fluids can help maintain hydration, especially for mild cases or when ORS is not readily available. The goal is to choose clear liquids that are easy to digest and contain some sodium or potassium.
- Clear Broths: Chicken, beef, or vegetable broths are excellent sources of sodium and water. They are also easy on the stomach. Be sure to remove any grease or fat, which can aggravate the digestive system.
- Coconut Water: For some people, coconut water with added electrolytes can be a good option. It naturally contains potassium but may not have enough sodium to fully replace what's lost during severe diarrhea. Choose versions without added sugar.
- Diluted, Low-Sugar Juices: Juices that are diluted with water and low in added sugar can help replace fluids and offer some potassium. Opt for options like watered-down apple juice without pulp. However, highly concentrated or sugary juices should be avoided as they can worsen diarrhea.
- Weak, Decaffeinated Tea: Weak teas like chamomile or ginger can be soothing for an upset stomach and contribute to fluid intake. Ensure they are decaffeinated and have minimal added sugar.
Fluids to Avoid During Diarrhea
Just as some drinks can help, others can make diarrhea symptoms worse. It is crucial to avoid these to prevent further irritation and dehydration.
- High-Sugar Drinks: Sodas, fruit juices with pulp, and concentrated sports drinks (unless diluted) contain high levels of sugar. Sugar can draw water into the intestines, exacerbating diarrhea.
- Caffeine: Coffee, black tea, energy drinks, and chocolate are caffeinated and can act as a mild laxative, stimulating bowel movements.
- Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages cause dehydration and can irritate the digestive tract, worsening symptoms.
- Dairy: Many people experience temporary lactose intolerance during a bout of diarrhea. Milk, cheese, and ice cream can make symptoms worse, though some probiotic-rich yogurts might be an exception.
- Carbonated Drinks: The gas in carbonated beverages can cause gas and bloating, adding to stomach discomfort.
At-Home Oral Rehydration Solution Recipe (Use with Caution)
For situations where commercial ORS is unavailable, a homemade solution can be used to prevent or delay dehydration until professional help can be accessed. However, precise measurements are critical to prevent harm. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the following formula:
- Ingredients:
- 1 liter of clean water (boiled and cooled)
- 6 level teaspoons of sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon of salt
- Instructions: Mix the salt and sugar into the water until completely dissolved. Sip this solution frequently in small amounts. This should not replace commercial ORS, especially for children, and should be used with extreme caution.
Comparing Rehydration Drink Options
| Drink Type | Benefits | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) | Provides the ideal balance of water, sodium, and glucose for optimal rehydration. | Commercially available products are best for precise formulation. |
| Clear Broths | Good source of sodium and fluid, easy to digest. | May not provide sufficient potassium; can contain unhealthy fats if not prepared properly. |
| Sports Drinks | Replaces fluid and electrolytes, appealing taste. | Often too high in sugar for optimal rehydration during diarrhea; dilute with water. |
| Coconut Water | Natural source of potassium and fluids. | Lower in sodium than ORS, so may not be suitable for severe dehydration. |
| Plain Water | Replenishes fluid loss. | Does not replace electrolytes, and drinking only water can lower blood sodium levels. |
Conclusion
For treating watery diarrhea and preventing the serious risk of dehydration, the clear winner is a properly formulated oral rehydration solution. It provides the essential balance of water, sugar, and electrolytes that the body needs to recover effectively. While clear broths and some diluted juices can be helpful for mild cases, it is crucial to avoid fluids that are high in sugar, caffeine, or alcohol, as these can worsen symptoms. For children and severe cases, commercial ORS products are highly recommended for their accurate composition. Always consult a healthcare professional for persistent or severe diarrhea to ensure the right course of action is taken. For more information, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) offers additional resources on diarrhea treatment and management.
