The Science of Collagen and Hydrolysis
Collagen is a complex, structural protein made up of long-chain amino acids, primarily glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. In its natural state, known as 'native' or 'non-hydrolysed' collagen, it forms a tough, triple-helix structure that is too large for the human body to absorb efficiently through the digestive system. This is why consuming raw collagen from bone broth, while beneficial, provides amino acid building blocks but not the same targeted, high-absorption benefit as its processed counterpart.
The key distinction lies in the process of hydrolysis. During this procedure, the native collagen's long amino acid chains are broken down into much smaller, more digestible peptides through the use of water and specific enzymes. These small fragments, called 'collagen peptides,' are the result of the process. Consequently, the terms 'hydrolysed collagen,' 'collagen peptides,' and 'collagen hydrolysate' are often used interchangeably to refer to the same highly bioavailable product. This smaller molecular size is what allows hydrolysed collagen to be absorbed much more rapidly and effectively into the bloodstream compared to its native form, leading to quicker and more potent health benefits.
Types of Collagen Supplements
Collagen supplements are not a monolith. Beyond the native versus hydrolysed distinction, different types of collagen supplements exist, most notably Type I, Type II, and Type III. Each serves a different purpose in the body and is sourced differently.
- Native (Undenatured) Type II Collagen: This unprocessed form is sourced specifically from chicken sternum cartilage and is linked to supporting joint health. It works differently, with a smaller dose modulating the immune response rather than serving as a direct building block.
- Hydrolysed Bovine Collagen: A common source for Type I and III collagen, primarily used for skin elasticity, hair, and nail strength.
- Hydrolysed Marine Collagen: This is derived from fish and is often marketed for superior skin health due to its high concentration of Type I collagen and smaller peptide size.
Hydrolysed vs. Native Collagen: A Comparison Table
| Feature | Collagen (Native/Non-hydrolysed) | Hydrolysed Collagen (Collagen Peptides) |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Structure | Large, complex, triple-helix protein chains. | Small, short-chain amino acid peptides. |
| Source | Animal bones, cartilage, skin (requires cooking, e.g., bone broth). | Processed from various animal parts, such as bovine hides or marine scales. |
| Digestion | Complex and inefficient, as the body must break down large molecules. | Easy to digest, as the proteins are already broken down into peptides. |
| Bioavailability | Lower, due to the large molecular size and poor absorption. | High, enabling quick and efficient absorption into the bloodstream. |
| Primary Benefit | Provides raw amino acids, but less targeted effect. | Maximises absorption for targeted benefits like improved skin, joint, and bone health. |
| Common Form | Gelatin, bone broth. | Powder, capsules, or liquids that dissolve easily. |
Why the Form Matters for Your Body
The difference in molecular size between native and hydrolysed collagen has a dramatic impact on your body's ability to use it effectively. When you consume native collagen, your digestive system works hard to break it down, a process that is not always efficient. In contrast, hydrolysed collagen's small peptides are absorbed intact through the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream. From there, they can be distributed throughout the body to support connective tissues, stimulate new collagen production, and deliver more noticeable results.
Hydrolysed collagen's superior bioavailability means that the benefits are not only more pronounced but also potentially faster to appear. This is especially relevant for those looking to address signs of aging, joint pain, or weak nails. While both forms provide the basic amino acid building blocks, hydrolysed collagen delivers these components in the most accessible form, ensuring a more direct and efficient use by the body's cells.
The Verdict: Which Collagen is Right for You?
The choice between collagen and hydrolysed collagen depends on your specific goals. If you consume a lot of bone broth and are looking for general nutritional support, native collagen is sufficient. However, if your primary goal is to boost collagen levels to enhance skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, improve joint function, or see more rapid results from supplementation, hydrolysed collagen is the more effective and bioavailable option. The hydrolysis process ensures that the collagen you consume is efficiently absorbed and utilised by your body. While native collagen has its place in a healthy diet, hydrolysed collagen supplements offer a strategic advantage for those targeting specific anti-aging and joint support benefits.
Conclusion
In summary, the fundamental difference between collagen and hydrolysed collagen is a matter of molecular size and processing. Hydrolysed collagen, or collagen peptides, has been enzymatically broken down into smaller, more soluble fragments, significantly enhancing its bioavailability and making it much easier for the body to absorb. Native collagen, on the other hand, remains a large, complex protein that is less efficiently utilised. By understanding this key distinction, consumers can make more informed choices about their supplement regimen based on their desired health outcomes. For those seeking maximum efficacy for skin and joint health, the scientific evidence points towards the superior absorption of hydrolysed collagen.
