Botanical and Growth Differences
Although both are often grouped together as 'cress', watercress and upland cress are not the same plant. Their most fundamental distinction is in their botanical classification. Watercress is a semi-aquatic perennial from the genus Nasturtium, which explains why it is almost exclusively found growing in or near running water. Its delicate stems and leaves require consistently wet or hydroponic conditions to thrive.
In contrast, upland cress, also known as land cress or American cress, belongs to the genus Barbarea. Unlike its semi-aquatic relative, upland cress grows in dry soil, making it a much more accessible and common garden plant for home growers. It is often sold with the roots still attached, which helps it maintain its freshness for longer. This distinction in growing medium is the most significant factor affecting their cultivation. Upland cress is more forgiving and adaptable, tolerating a wider range of soil conditions as long as it's kept cool and damp.
Appearance and Texture
Visually, these two greens share a similar leafy appearance but have noticeable differences in their structure. Watercress features small, round to oval-shaped leaves on delicate, hollow stems. The texture is soft, and it wilts very easily, particularly when dressed with a vinaigrette. This makes it best for use immediately after harvesting or purchase.
Upland cress leaves can be slightly larger and have more of a serrated edge, often described as a mix between watercress and arugula. The stems are generally thinner and more tender than mature watercress stems. A key advantage of upland cress is its durability; it holds its crisp texture for longer after being washed and dressed, making it a more robust option for salads.
Flavor Profile
Both types of cress are celebrated for their distinctive peppery flavor, a hallmark of the Brassica family. However, there are nuances in their taste. Watercress offers a bright, slightly bitter, and pungent flavor that delivers a peppery kick similar to mustard greens. Its flavor is described as clean and fresh.
Upland cress possesses a similar but often more intense and pronounced peppery heat. Some tasters find it has an earthier taste and a stronger bite, comparing its pungency to arugula. The flavor of upland cress can also vary slightly depending on its growing conditions and maturity, with younger leaves being milder.
Culinary Uses
Their flavor and textural differences guide their best uses in the kitchen. Watercress's delicate nature is ideal for:
- Salads: As a base for light, fresh salads where its delicate texture and flavor can shine.
- Soups: Blended into vibrant green soups, like a classic watercress soup.
- Sandwiches: Layered into sandwiches for a clean, peppery bite.
- Garnishes: Used as a sophisticated, fresh garnish for various dishes.
Upland cress, with its more robust structure and stronger flavor, is excellent for:
- Salads: Holding up better in salads, especially with heartier dressings.
- Sandwiches: Adding a more pronounced peppery flavor to sandwiches and wraps.
- Cooking: Braised or sautéed like other greens, such as kale or spinach.
- Garnishes: Its sturdier form makes it a long-lasting garnish.
Comparison Table
| Feature | Watercress | Upland Cress (Land Cress) |
|---|---|---|
| Botanical Name | Nasturtium officinale | Barbarea verna |
| Family | Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae |
| Growing Environment | Semi-aquatic (near running water or hydroponic) | Terrestrial (moist, dry soil) |
| Appearance | Small, rounded leaves on delicate, hollow stems | Serrated leaves, often slightly larger, on thinner stems |
| Texture | Delicate, bruises and wilts easily | Crisp and robust, holds up well after dressing |
| Flavor | Bright, peppery, slightly bitter, and clean | Stronger, more intense peppery flavor, earthy; likened to arugula |
| Primary Uses | Raw in salads, soups, sandwiches; garnishes | Raw in salads and sandwiches; cooked like other greens |
| Availability | Typically grown commercially in hydroponic systems | Easily grown in home gardens and found in produce sections |
Conclusion
The primary difference between watercress and upland cress lies in their growing needs and corresponding textural properties. While both offer a zesty, peppery kick, watercress is the delicate, semi-aquatic choice best for fresh, subtle applications. Upland cress is the hardier, land-based alternative that holds up better in heartier salads and even cooked dishes. For home gardeners, upland cress is far easier to cultivate, but both offer significant nutritional benefits and a unique flavor profile to a variety of recipes. Understanding these key distinctions will help you decide which cress is right for your kitchen and garden.
Choosing the right cress for you
To make an informed decision, consider these points:
- Taste Preference: Do you prefer a milder, clean peppery taste or a more robust, intense peppery kick? The former is watercress, the latter is upland cress.
- Culinary Application: If you are making a delicate soup or a light garnish, watercress is the traditional choice. For a hearty salad that needs to last, or a green you intend to cook, upland cress is the better option.
- Growing Effort: Are you a home gardener? Upland cress is a low-maintenance, easy-to-grow plant that thrives in dry soil. Watercress requires specific semi-aquatic conditions, making it more challenging to cultivate at home.
- Shelf Life: If you need a green that won't wilt immediately, opt for upland cress. Its robust nature means it stays crisp longer in the refrigerator.
Ultimately, both are nutritious and delicious members of the same plant family, but their unique characteristics give them different strengths. Explore both to find your favorite and add a flavorful punch to your meals. For more specific growing information on upland cress, you can consult a reliable resource like the Gardening Know How website.
