What Exactly is Type 2 Collagen?
While there are at least 28 identified types of collagen, Type 2 collagen is a specific protein with a distinct role in the body. Unlike Type 1 collagen, which is abundant in skin, bones, and tendons, Type 2 is the main structural component of cartilage, the flexible connective tissue that protects our bones at the joints. This makes it particularly important for joint support and mobility. A hallmark of Type 2 collagen is its unique triple-helix structure, especially when it is in its undenatured (native) form.
The Importance of Cartilage and Type 2 Collagen
Cartilage acts as a protective, shock-absorbing cushion between the bones in our joints. The integrity and resilience of this tissue are directly dependent on its high concentration of Type 2 collagen. As we age, or due to repetitive stress, cartilage can degrade, leading to joint discomfort, stiffness, and conditions like osteoarthritis. By providing targeted support for this specific tissue, Type 2 collagen supplements may help mitigate age-related and stress-induced joint issues.
Sources of Type 2 Collagen
Type 2 collagen is primarily sourced from animal tissues rich in cartilage. The most common source for supplements is chicken sternum cartilage, which contains a high concentration of this specific protein. This is distinct from Type 1 and Type 3 collagens, which are more often sourced from bovine (cow) hides or marine (fish) sources. It is important for consumers to check the source of their collagen supplements to ensure they are getting the correct type for their desired benefits.
- Chicken Sternum Cartilage: This is the most widely used source for undenatured Type 2 collagen (often branded as UC-II). The low-temperature manufacturing process retains the native triple-helix structure, which is crucial for its unique mechanism of action.
- Animal-Based Foods: Foods rich in cartilage and connective tissues, such as homemade bone broth made from chicken joints, also contain Type 2 collagen. However, the amount and form can be inconsistent compared to standardized supplements.
- Hydrolyzed vs. Undenatured: The processing of Type 2 collagen greatly impacts its function. Undenatured Type 2 collagen is processed at low temperatures to preserve its structure, which is vital for its immune-modulating effects. Hydrolyzed collagen, which is broken down into smaller peptides, functions differently and is generally focused on stimulating new collagen synthesis.
Comparison of Common Collagen Types
To illustrate the differences, here is a comparative look at the most common collagen types.
| Feature | Type 1 Collagen | Type 2 Collagen | Type 3 Collagen |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Location | Skin, bones, tendons, ligaments | Cartilage (joint support) | Skin, muscles, blood vessels |
| Main Function | Provides structural integrity, strength, and elasticity | Provides cushioning and flexibility for joints | Supports organs and blood vessels; often coexists with Type 1 |
| Common Source | Bovine hides, marine sources (fish) | Chicken sternum cartilage | Bovine hides, marine sources |
| Supplement Form | Hydrolyzed peptides, powders | Undenatured capsules (UC-II), hydrolyzed forms | Hydrolyzed peptides, powders |
| Targeted Benefit | Skin health, bone strength, hair, nails | Joint comfort, mobility, and inflammation | Organ health, gut lining support |
The Unique Mechanism of Undenatured Type 2 Collagen
Undenatured (native) Type 2 collagen has a unique method of action within the body, unlike that of hydrolyzed collagen peptides. Instead of being broken down and used as building blocks, undenatured Type 2 collagen works through a process called "oral tolerance". When it passes through the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), its preserved triple-helix structure helps to regulate the body's immune response. This can reduce inflammation and autoimmune reactions against the body's own cartilage, supporting healthy joint function. Clinical studies have explored its potential to reduce joint pain and stiffness in individuals with osteoarthritis.
How to Supplement with Type 2 Collagen
For those specifically targeting joint health, choosing a supplement with undenatured Type 2 collagen is often recommended. The appropriate amount can vary, and it is usually taken in a capsule form. The effects are generally noticed over several weeks to months with consistent, daily use.
Conclusion
In summary, Type 2 collagen is a specific protein found predominantly in cartilage, making it the ideal choice for targeting joint and cartilage health. Sourced most commonly from chicken sternum cartilage, it is available in supplements in either hydrolyzed or undenatured forms. The undenatured version (like UC-II) offers a distinct, immune-modulating mechanism of action, making it highly effective for supporting joint comfort and mobility. By understanding the difference between collagen types and their sources, consumers can make an informed decision to find the right supplement for their specific health needs.
References
- García-Coronado, J. M., et al. (2019). Collagen Supplementation for Joint Health: The Link between Composition and Therapeutic Action. PubMed Central.
- Ancient + Brave. (2024). Everything you need to know about Type 1 + Type 2 collagen (and how they live in harmony). Ancient + Brave Blog.
- Caltrate. Caltrate Joint Health with UC-II Collagen. Caltrate Australia.
- WebMD. (2023). Collagen Type Ii (Native) - Uses, Side Effects, and More. WebMD.
- Examine.com. (2025). Type-II Collagen benefits, dosage, and side effects. Examine.com.
- Holland & Barrett. (2025). A guide to collagen: benefits, sources and supplements. Holland & Barrett Health Hub.
- Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Collagen: What It Is, Types, Function & Benefits. Cleveland Clinic.
- Dose & Co. (2025). What Are the Different Types of Collagen and Their Benefits? Dose & Co Blog.
- Holland & Barrett. (2025). Ultimate Guide To All The Types Of Collagen. Holland & Barrett Health Hub.
