Understanding PFAS and Sparkling Water
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” are a group of synthetic chemicals used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. Due to their persistence and mobility, they can easily contaminate water sources. Independent testing over the years has repeatedly found that some popular carbonated beverage brands contain detectable levels of PFAS. These chemicals have been linked to potential health issues, including altered immune responses, increased cholesterol, and an elevated risk of certain cancers.
While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been moving to establish stricter limits for PFAS in tap water, federal regulations for bottled and sparkling water have been slower to materialize. This has led many health-conscious consumers to seek out brands that voluntarily test and report low or non-detectable levels of these contaminants. The good news is that several manufacturers have demonstrated a commitment to providing a cleaner product, often using advanced filtration methods like reverse osmosis.
Top Brands with Low or Non-Detectable PFAS Levels
Based on various studies and consumer reports conducted since 2020, here are some of the brands that have consistently tested with the lowest or non-detectable levels of PFAS. It is important to note that results can vary slightly between different testing labs and batches, but these brands generally represent safer options.
- Sound: Has repeatedly tested with non-detectable PFAS levels. They also differentiate themselves by using organic tea and botanicals for flavoring.
- Mountain Valley Sparkling Water: Sourced from a protected spring and consistently shows non-detectable levels of PFAS, demonstrating a strong commitment to water quality.
- Sparkling Ice: A 2020 Consumer Reports test highlighted this brand for having no detected PFAS in its black raspberry flavor.
- Waterloo: This brand also consistently tests with non-detectable PFAS levels, with ultra-filtered water as its base.
- Proud Source: Publishes annual reports on its high water quality and uses infinitely recyclable aluminum bottles.
- Aura Bora: Filters its water using reverse-osmosis, a process known to help remove PFAS, and infuses it with unique botanical flavors.
- Spindrift: Uses real fruit for flavor and has consistently reported very low, near-non-detectable PFAS levels (e.g., 0.19 ppt).
- Sanpellegrino: The classic Italian mineral water typically reports low PFAS concentrations (e.g., 0.31 ppt).
How to Choose PFAS-Free Sparkling Water
When shopping for sparkling water, it's essential to look beyond marketing claims and consider the brand's commitment to water purity. Here are some strategies to ensure you're making the safest choice:
- Check for independent test results: Reputable organizations like Consumer Reports and Mamavation conduct independent tests and publish their findings. Always refer to recent reports for the most current data, as brands can change their processes over time.
- Look for filtration methods: Brands that use reverse osmosis (RO) to filter their water often have lower PFAS levels, as RO is an effective method for removing these chemicals. Some brands will advertise this on their packaging or website.
- Consider making your own: One of the most reliable ways to control your PFAS exposure is to make sparkling water at home. By using a countertop soda maker with a high-quality water filter certified to remove PFAS (such as one with NSF/ANSI 53 or 58 certification), you can guarantee the lowest levels.
- Support transparent brands: Choose brands that are transparent about their sourcing and testing procedures. Many are starting to provide annual water quality reports on their websites, which can be a valuable resource.
Comparison of Sparkling Water PFAS Levels
| Brand | Reported PFAS Level (ppt) | Notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | Non-detectable (0) | Uses organic ingredients; glass bottle options | |
| Mountain Valley | Non-detectable (0) | Sourced from a protected spring; glass bottle options | |
| Waterloo | Non-detectable (0) | Ultra-filtered water; BPA-free cans | |
| Sparkling Ice | Non-detectable (0) | Some flavors tested at non-detectable levels | |
| Proud Source | Non-detectable (0) | Recyclable aluminum bottles; annual reports available | |
| Aura Bora | Non-detectable (0) | Uses reverse-osmosis filtration; aluminum cans | |
| Spindrift | < 1 ppt (e.g., 0.19) | Flavored with real fruit | |
| Sanpellegrino | < 1 ppt (e.g., 0.31) | Classic Italian mineral water | |
| Topo Chico | > 1 ppt (e.g., 3.9 in 2021) | Significantly reduced levels after reports, but still detectable | |
| Polar | > 1 ppt (e.g., 6.41 in 2020) | Tested with higher levels in 2020 reports |
Note: PFAS levels for some brands may vary by flavor and recent manufacturing practices. These figures are based on independent tests from 2020-2025 and demonstrate general trends. Always consult the latest reports for current data.
The Importance of At-Home Solutions
For those who consume sparkling water frequently, investing in a high-quality home filtration system combined with a soda maker can provide peace of mind and greater control. By filtering your tap water—which is often less contaminated than some sparkling water brands—and carbonating it yourself, you eliminate reliance on corporate testing and reporting. Reverse osmosis and granular activated carbon filters are known to be effective at removing PFAS from drinking water.
Conclusion
While the presence of PFAS in sparkling water is a valid concern for health-conscious consumers, there are excellent, transparent brands available that demonstrate a commitment to low or non-detectable levels of these chemicals. Brands like Sound, Mountain Valley, and Waterloo consistently show favorable results in independent tests. For those who want maximum control, making your own sparkling water at home with a certified filtration system is the safest option. By staying informed and supporting brands with strong water quality commitments, consumers can continue to enjoy sparkling water with confidence. For more details on effective water filtration, visit the Consumer Reports guide on the topic.
