Pregnant and Breastfeeding Individuals
The Risk During Pregnancy
For pregnant individuals, particularly those taking concentrated oregano oil supplements, the risks can be significant. High doses of oregano oil can stimulate uterine contractions, which may increase the risk of miscarriage or premature labor. Due to this potent effect, medical professionals and herbalists alike strongly advise against its use during pregnancy, especially in medicinal amounts far exceeding culinary use. The active compounds, like thymol and carvacrol, can be highly concentrated in supplements and pose a serious threat to a developing fetus.
Caution for Breastfeeding Mothers
Breastfeeding mothers should also exercise caution and ideally avoid medicinal quantities of oregano. The safety of oregano supplements during lactation is not well-researched, and it is unknown if the active compounds can pass into breast milk and affect the infant. Some sources suggest high doses could potentially decrease milk supply. To remain on the side of caution, it is best to avoid its use until after lactation has ceased, or only with a specific recommendation from a healthcare provider.
People on Specific Medications
Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners)
Oregano possesses natural blood-thinning properties that can interfere with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, such as warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, and clopidogrel. This interaction can significantly increase the risk of bruising and severe bleeding episodes. Individuals on these medications must avoid oregano supplements entirely and should also be aware of potential interactions with other herbs that slow blood clotting, including ginger, garlic, and ginkgo.
Anti-diabetic Drugs
For people managing diabetes, oregano can have a notable effect on blood sugar levels. Oregano may lower blood glucose, and when taken alongside prescription anti-diabetic medications (such as glimepiride or metformin), it could cause blood sugar to drop to dangerously low levels, a condition known as hypoglycemia. Anyone with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar closely and consult their doctor before using oregano as a supplement.
Lithium and Other Drugs
Some studies suggest oregano may have diuretic properties, which can potentially impact the body's levels of lithium. This can be dangerous for those taking lithium for mental health conditions. Additionally, due to potential effects on mineral absorption, individuals taking iron, copper, or zinc supplements should consider spacing their intake from any oregano products by at least two hours.
Individuals with Certain Medical Conditions
Bleeding Disorders
Those with diagnosed bleeding disorders, or those who naturally have a tendency to bleed or bruise easily, should avoid oregano supplements. Its effect on slowing blood clotting can exacerbate their condition and lead to increased bleeding.
Upcoming Surgery
Due to its anti-clotting effects, oregano supplements must be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgical procedure. This measure is a critical safety precaution to prevent excessive bleeding during and after the operation.
Those with Allergies
The Lamiaceae (Mint) Family
Oregano is a member of the Lamiaceae, or mint, family. Individuals with known allergies to other plants in this family, which includes basil, hyssop, marjoram, mint, and sage, are at a higher risk of developing an allergic reaction to oregano. Symptoms of a reaction can include skin irritation, rashes, or more severe respiratory distress. It is always wise to perform a patch test when using topical oregano oil for the first time.
Understanding Oregano vs. Oregano Oil
It is crucial to distinguish between the culinary herb and the concentrated oil. The small amount of fresh or dried oregano used to season food is generally safe for most people and does not carry the same risks as potent oil supplements. These contraindications apply primarily to the concentrated, medicinal forms of oregano.
Comparison of Risks for Different Groups
| Condition / Group | Reason to Avoid Medicinal Oregano | Relevant Citations |
|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Potential for miscarriage and uterine contractions | |
| Bleeding Disorders | Can slow blood clotting and increase bleeding risk | |
| Diabetes (on medication) | Can dangerously lower blood sugar levels | |
| Lamiaceae Family Allergy | Cross-reactivity with basil, mint, sage, etc. | |
| Upcoming Surgery | Increases bleeding risk; stop 2 weeks prior | |
| Breastfeeding | Lack of safety data and possible impact on milk supply |
Potential Side Effects
Even for those without specific contraindications, taking oregano oil can cause side effects. A list of potential reactions includes:
- Gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Fatigue and muscle pain.
- Dizziness or vertigo.
- Excessive salivation.
- Topical irritation if undiluted essential oil is applied to the skin.
Conclusion
While oregano is a well-regarded culinary herb and a source of potent compounds, its use in concentrated, supplemental forms is not suitable for everyone. Groups at high risk include pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, those with bleeding disorders or diabetes on specific medications, and individuals with allergies to related plants. Before considering any new herbal supplement, particularly a potent one like oregano oil, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. A doctor can properly assess individual health risks and potential interactions with existing conditions and medications, ensuring your wellness journey is both effective and safe. More information on the risks and side effects can be found on WebMD: Oregano: Medical Uses and Risks.
