Individuals with Autoimmune Diseases
Elderberry may stimulate the immune system, a potentially dangerous effect for individuals with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In these conditions, the body's immune system is already in a state of overactivity and mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Introducing an immune stimulant like elderberry can worsen symptoms and increase the activity of the disease. This is a critical contraindication and should not be overlooked.
How Elderberry Affects the Immune System
Elderberry contains compounds like flavonoids and anthocyanins that are believed to have immunomodulatory effects, meaning they can influence the immune system's activity. For a healthy individual, this might be beneficial during a cold or flu. However, for someone with a hyperactive immune system, this stimulation can be harmful, leading to an exacerbation of autoimmune symptoms. For this reason, individuals with autoimmune conditions should consult their healthcare provider before considering any elderberry products.
Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women
Health experts and official health agencies advise against the use of elderberry by pregnant and breastfeeding women due to insufficient safety data. The effects of elderberry and its compounds on a developing fetus or a nursing infant have not been thoroughly studied. To err on the side of caution, most healthcare providers recommend avoiding it entirely during these life stages. This is standard practice for many herbal supplements where rigorous human studies on these vulnerable populations are lacking.
People on Immunosuppressant Medications
Elderberry should be avoided by anyone taking immunosuppressant drugs, such as those used for organ transplant recipients or to manage autoimmune diseases. The immune-boosting properties of elderberry directly counteract the purpose of these medications, which are designed to suppress the immune system to prevent organ rejection or control autoimmune flare-ups. The interaction could render the prescribed medication less effective, leading to serious health consequences.
Children and Elderberry Consumption
While some commercially prepared elderberry products are marketed for children, particularly those over the age of five, there is a lack of reliable safety information for younger children. Furthermore, the danger of raw elderberry is especially pronounced for children due to their smaller body mass and lower tolerance for toxins. Homemade syrups, which may not be heated sufficiently, also pose a significant risk of toxicity. It is always best to speak with a pediatrician before giving elderberry to any child.
The Dangers of Raw Elderberries
Raw or unripe elderberries, along with the leaves, stems, and bark of the elder tree, contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide upon ingestion. Cooking, or proper commercial processing, is essential to destroy these toxic compounds. Consuming improperly prepared elderberry can lead to severe illness and poisoning.
Symptoms of Raw Elderberry Poisoning
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Numbness
Elderberry and Other Medical Conditions
Elderberry's properties can also interact with other health issues and medications:
- Diabetes: Elderberry may have hypoglycemic effects, meaning it could lower blood sugar. For people with diabetes who are already on medication to control blood sugar, combining elderberry could increase the risk of hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar). Consultation with a doctor is necessary.
- Diuretics: Elderberry can act as a natural diuretic, increasing urination. Taking it alongside prescribed diuretic medications could compound the effect and lead to dehydration.
- Allergies: Individuals with an allergy to elderberry or other plants in the honeysuckle family should avoid consumption.
Comparison of Elderberry Safety for Different Groups
| Group | Reason to Avoid | Specific Risk | Action Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoimmune Patients | Immune-stimulating effects | Worsened symptoms (e.g., Lupus, RA, MS) | Consult doctor, generally avoid |
| Pregnant/Breastfeeding | Insufficient safety data | Potential harm to parent and child | Avoid |
| Immunosuppressant Users | Drug interaction | Reduced effectiveness of medication | Avoid |
| Young Children (under 5) | Insufficient safety data, toxicity risk | Potential for harm from concentrated doses or raw berries | Avoid without medical advice |
| Diabetics | Potential for drug interaction | Hypoglycemia risk | Consult doctor |
| Users of Diuretics | Potential for drug interaction | Dehydration risk | Consult doctor |
Final Considerations and Consulting a Professional
For the majority of the population without underlying health concerns, commercially prepared elderberry products are generally considered safe for short-term use. However, the safety of long-term daily use is not well-established. It is crucial to remember that the herbal supplement industry is not strictly regulated by agencies like the FDA in the same way as pharmaceuticals, so quality and consistency can vary among products. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) advises speaking with a healthcare provider before using elderberry or any herbal product, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking medication. Ultimately, understanding your own health needs and potential risks is paramount to making an informed decision about consuming elderberry.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Elderberry: Usefulness and Safety
