What is Distilled Water?
Distilled water is a type of purified water created through the process of distillation. This involves boiling water and then condensing the steam back into a liquid form. This process effectively removes impurities, contaminants, and microorganisms. However, it also strips the water of all its dissolved minerals, including beneficial ones like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, resulting in pure H2O. While this purity is desirable for certain industrial or medical applications, it poses several issues when considered as a regular drinking water source.
The Critical Lack of Minerals
The most significant drawback of drinking distilled water is its lack of essential minerals. The human body relies on minerals from both food and water to function correctly. While a balanced diet provides the majority of these nutrients, water also contributes meaningfully to our daily mineral intake. When this mineral source is removed, especially over a long period, it can contribute to a mineral deficiency. The World Health Organization has published findings highlighting the risks associated with drinking demineralized water, noting its potential adverse effects on the body's mineral metabolism.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Health Consequences
The minerals missing from distilled water are crucial for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium regulate nerve and muscle function, hydrate the body, and balance blood acidity and pressure. Long-term consumption of demineralized water can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to potential health risks. Issues reported in studies include an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, motor neuronal disease, and higher fracture rates in children, particularly associated with low magnesium and calcium intake. Some studies also link demineralized water to metabolic acidosis, a condition where the body's fluids become too acidic.
The Truth About Mineral Leaching
A common myth surrounding distilled water is that it actively 'leaches' minerals from your bones and teeth. The reality is more nuanced. The body is an incredible system that maintains homeostasis, a state of balance. The primary issue isn't a direct and aggressive leaching, but rather a lack of replenishment. The body loses electrolytes and minerals through sweat and urination, which are typically replaced by food and water intake. When only demineralized water is consumed, the body's mineral reserves are not replenished by its hydration source, leading to a gradual depletion over time.
Impact on Taste and Hydration
Many people find that distilled water has a 'flat' or bland taste. This is because the flavor of water comes from the dissolved minerals and gases it contains. By removing these components, distillation leaves behind a tasteless liquid that can be unappealing. This can lead to a person drinking less water, which ironically increases the risk of dehydration. Additionally, some evidence suggests that water with electrolytes may be more effective for rehydration, particularly after intense physical activity.
Comparison of Water Types
| Feature | Distilled Water | Tap Water | Mineral Water |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral Content | Essentially zero | Variable, contains some minerals | High, naturally rich in minerals |
| Taste | Flat, bland | Varies by source, can contain chlorine | Richer, more distinct flavor |
| Safety | Very pure, but potential for deficiencies | Regulated, generally safe but can have contaminants | High quality, comes from natural springs |
| Primary Use | Specific applications (batteries, medical) | Everyday drinking, cooking | Everyday drinking, enhanced flavor |
| Health Implications | Not recommended long-term; mineral deficiency risk | Generally healthy | Healthy, provides additional mineral intake |
Potential Issues for Cooking
Using distilled water for cooking can also be problematic. When food is cooked, some of its minerals can leach out into the cooking water. If that water is mineral-free, the loss of nutrients from the food can be more significant. For example, studies have shown that cooking with demineralized water can cause a considerable loss of calcium and magnesium from vegetables.
Conclusion
While distilled water is exceptionally pure and safe for specific short-term uses, it is not recommended as a primary drinking water source for long-term health. The removal of essential minerals and electrolytes can lead to nutrient deficiencies, electrolyte imbalances, and a less satisfying taste that could reduce overall water consumption. For healthy, everyday hydration, sources like municipal tap water (if safe), filtered water, or natural mineral water are superior choices that provide both hydration and valuable minerals for the body. If you must consume distilled water regularly, ensuring a mineral-rich diet is crucial to offset the missing nutrients.
For an in-depth report on the health risks of demineralized drinking water, consult the findings from the World Health Organization: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1500413
