Why Would a Person Take Cod Liver Oil? Unpacking the Health Benefits

January 3, 2026 •

3 min read

Over a billion people worldwide are estimated to be deficient or insufficient in Vitamin D, a nutrient abundantly found in cod liver oil. For centuries, people have turned to this traditional supplement, not just for vitamin deficiencies, but also to support a wide range of health aspects from bone and joint health to cardiovascular and cognitive function.

Quick Summary

Cod liver oil is a potent supplement rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin D. It is taken to reduce inflammation, support heart health, enhance cognitive function, strengthen bones and joints, and improve vision and immune response.

Key Points

Rich in Nutrients: Cod liver oil is a potent source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), along with fat-soluble vitamins A and D.
Reduces Inflammation: Its omega-3 content helps lower inflammatory markers, providing relief for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and promoting overall health.
Supports Heart Health: Cod liver oil may help lower triglycerides, moderate blood pressure, and improve circulation, reducing risk factors for heart disease.
Strengthens Bones: The high Vitamin D content aids in calcium absorption, crucial for maintaining bone density and preventing conditions like osteoporosis.
Enhances Eye and Skin Health: Vitamins A and D, combined with omega-3s, support vision by protecting against macular degeneration and contribute to healthier skin and hair.
Boosts Brain Function: Omega-3s, particularly DHA, are essential for cognitive development and function, with some research linking intake to reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Critical Considerations: Dosage must be carefully monitored, as excessive intake can lead to vitamin A toxicity. Consult a doctor, especially if pregnant or on other medications.

A Traditional Remedy with Modern Appeal

Derived from the liver of codfish, cod liver oil is a time-honored supplement known for its rich nutritional profile. Unlike standard fish oil, which is extracted from the flesh of fatty fish, cod liver oil's distinction lies in its significant levels of naturally occurring vitamins A and D, in addition to omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA). This unique combination is why it is often recommended for more comprehensive health support, appealing to individuals looking to address specific deficiencies or promote overall wellness.

The Anti-Inflammatory Power for Joint Health

One of the most well-documented reasons for taking cod liver oil is its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, largely attributed to its omega-3 fatty acid content. EPA and DHA help reduce inflammatory markers in the body. Studies suggest cod liver oil can lessen joint pain, stiffness, and swelling related to rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin D in the oil supports calcium absorption, aiding cartilage repair and strengthening joints.

Cardiovascular Support: Protecting the Heart

The omega-3s in cod liver oil contribute to several heart-health benefits. They can help lower triglyceride levels by a significant percentage. There may also be a small reduction in blood pressure for those with mild hypertension. The fatty acids support smoother circulation by helping prevent easy blood clotting and protecting arteries. Some research suggests omega-3s may help regulate heart rhythm.

Bone Health and Development

Cod liver oil provides valuable nutrients for strong bones for both adults and children. It is a rich source of Vitamin D, essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption. Historically, it was used to prevent rickets in children. The combination of Vitamin D and omega-3s may help reduce age-related bone loss and protect against osteoporosis.

Promoting Healthy Skin, Hair, and Vision

The vitamins A and D, along with omega-3s, offer benefits for skin, hair, and eye health. Vitamin A's antioxidant properties combat skin cell damage, while omega-3s support hydration. Omega-3s can reduce scalp inflammation, and Vitamin D deficiency is linked to hair loss. Vitamin A is vital for vision and may reduce the risk of conditions like age-related macular degeneration.

Cognitive Function and Mental Wellness

Omega-3 fatty acids are important for brain development and function. DHA is a key structural component of the brain. The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3s may potentially help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, though studies have shown mixed results. Research has also explored the role of Vitamin D and omega-3s in cognitive function and potentially reducing age-related decline.

Cod Liver Oil vs. Fish Oil

Both cod liver oil and regular fish oil provide omega-3 fatty acids, but their nutritional profiles differ.


Feature	Cod Liver Oil	Fish Oil
Source	Liver of codfish (e.g., Atlantic cod)	Flesh of various fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel)
Omega-3s (EPA & DHA)	Yes, typically in lower concentrations than standard fish oil	Yes, typically in higher concentrations
Vitamin A	High levels	Low to none
Vitamin D	High levels	Low to none
Best For	Comprehensive support, addressing Vitamin A/D deficiencies, bone and immune health	Targeting high-dose omega-3 intake for high triglycerides or general inflammation

Conclusion: A Multi-Nutrient Approach to Wellness

A person might take cod liver oil for various reasons, from specific ailment relief to general wellness support. Its combination of omega-3s and vitamins makes it a strong anti-inflammatory agent, benefiting joints and heart health. It also supports bones, skin, vision, and cognitive function. However, due to its high Vitamin A content, it's essential to follow recommended dosages and consult a healthcare professional, especially if pregnant or on other medications. High-quality cod liver oil can be a valuable addition to a balanced diet and wellness routine.

Potential Outbound Link

For those interested in the scientific studies supporting the benefits of omega-3s, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provides a wealth of information: National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Frequently Asked Questions

The main difference is their nutrient profile. While both provide omega-3 fatty acids, cod liver oil is also a rich natural source of vitamins A and D, whereas regular fish oil is typically not.

Yes, cod liver oil is often used to alleviate joint pain. Its potent omega-3 fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce swelling and stiffness associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

It is generally not recommended to take cod liver oil during pregnancy due to the high levels of Vitamin A (retinol), which can be harmful to an unborn baby at high doses. Safer alternatives like purified fish oil supplements are often recommended.

To maximize absorption, cod liver oil should be taken with a meal that contains some healthy fat, such as avocado or nuts. Taking it with food also helps reduce side effects like stomach upset or a fishy aftertaste.

At recommended dosages, cod liver oil is generally safe. However, high doses can lead to vitamin A toxicity. Possible side effects include heartburn, nausea, and an increased risk of bleeding due to its blood-thinning effect.

Some studies suggest a link between the omega-3 fatty acids in cod liver oil and improved mental health, including reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, by lowering inflammation. However, research results are mixed, and more studies are needed.

Yes, it is generally safe for most healthy adults to take cod liver oil daily, provided the recommended dosage is not exceeded. It is crucial to stay within safe limits for vitamins A and D to avoid toxicity.