The Alarming Findings by Consumer Reports
In October 2023, Consumer Reports (CR) released a follow-up to their 2022 investigation into heavy metals in chocolate. The new testing included cocoa powder, chocolate chips, and milk chocolate, expanding on their initial focus on dark chocolate bars. The results drew significant public attention, particularly concerning several Hershey's products. For Hershey's Cocoa Naturally Unsweetened 100% Cacao, CR's tests indicated that a single tablespoon contained lead levels that exceeded California's maximum allowable dose level (MADL) by 25%. While this particular product did not exceed the MADL for cadmium, the findings contributed to a broader concern about heavy metal contamination across many brands.
These reports have a particular significance for vulnerable populations. The lead and cadmium found in chocolate products can pose serious health risks, especially to children and pregnant women. Frequent exposure, even to low levels, can contribute to developmental issues and other serious health problems over time.
How Heavy Metals Get into Cocoa
Heavy metals like cadmium and lead are naturally occurring elements found in the earth's soil. Cacao trees absorb these metals from the soil as they grow, which can lead to their presence in the cacao beans and, subsequently, in chocolate products. However, the level of contamination can also be influenced by the post-harvest process.
- Soil Contamination: The geographical location where cacao is grown is a primary factor. Cacao plants naturally draw cadmium from the soil. Different regions have varying levels of soil contamination due to natural mineral deposits or historical pollution.
- Post-Harvest Contamination: Lead contamination, unlike cadmium, can occur after the beans are picked. Cacao beans are often dried in the sun, and if this process happens on the ground near contaminated areas, lead-laden dust can settle on the beans. Better handling practices, such as drying on raised tables or protective tarps, can help reduce this type of contamination.
Hershey's Response and Industry Context
In response to these findings, Hershey's has publicly stated that the company is actively looking for ways to further reduce metal levels through improved cleaning processes and alternative sourcing. A company spokesperson also stressed that Hershey's products are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. It's important to note that federal limits for lead and cadmium in food are limited, which is why organizations like Consumer Reports and As You Sow use stricter state standards, such as California's Prop 65, for their evaluations. The National Confectioners Association, the industry trade group, maintains that chocolate and cocoa are safe to eat as they have been for centuries.
Comparison of Cocoa Products and Risk Factors
| Feature | Cocoa Powder (High Cacao Solids) | Milk Chocolate (Lower Cacao Solids) |
|---|---|---|
| Heavy Metal Concentration | Tends to be higher, especially cadmium, as these metals concentrate in the cocoa solids. | Tends to have lower heavy metal levels due to less cocoa content. |
| Consumer Risk Factor | Frequent, high-volume consumption poses a higher risk over time. | While generally lower risk, levels can still be a concern with daily consumption. |
| CR Test Results (Examples) | Hershey's Cocoa Unsweetened was found to have concerning lead levels. | Some Hershey's milk chocolate bars showed detectable but less concerning lead levels. |
Mitigating Your Risk
While it's impossible to eliminate all heavy metal exposure, consumers can take informed steps to reduce their intake from chocolate products.
- Vary Your Diet: The simplest strategy is to not rely solely on one brand or type of chocolate. Eating a variety of foods, including chocolate in moderation, minimizes exposure from a single source.
- Choose Lower Cacao Content: As the heavy metals tend to concentrate in the cocoa solids, opting for products with a lower cacao percentage can help reduce overall intake. Milk chocolate typically has lower heavy metal levels than dark chocolate for this reason.
- Look for Independent Testing: Some brands voluntarily test their products and publish the results. Supporting companies that show transparency about heavy metal content can help drive industry-wide change.
Conclusion
In summary, reports from Consumer Reports confirm the presence of heavy metals like lead and cadmium in Hershey's cocoa powder and other chocolate products. This is not an issue unique to Hershey's but is an industry-wide challenge related to cacao sourcing and processing. While Hershey's has stated that their products are safe and comply with regulations, and the levels found are not an immediate health risk for most adults, frequent consumption may pose concerns, particularly for children and pregnant individuals. By understanding how contamination occurs and adopting mindful consumption habits, consumers can make informed choices to reduce their exposure to heavy metals from chocolate. The broader solution will require continued pressure from consumer advocates for standardized federal regulations and improved manufacturing practices across the industry.
