Why Nutrition Is Critical During KEYTRUDA Treatment
Undergoing immunotherapy with KEYTRUDA places significant demands on your body. A well-planned nutritional strategy is not just about sustaining weight, but about actively supporting your immune system, maintaining energy levels, and managing potential side effects, such as appetite loss, fatigue, or digestive issues. The right foods provide the building blocks your body needs to repair tissue and fight infection, which is especially important when the immune system is being harnessed to fight cancer. A balanced intake of proteins, healthy fats, complex carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals is essential for a smoother treatment journey.
Lean Proteins to Maintain Strength
Protein is crucial for repairing tissues and maintaining muscle mass, which is often a challenge during cancer treatment. Opt for lean, easily digestible protein sources throughout the day.
- Poultry: Skinless chicken and turkey are excellent, lean options. They can be baked, broiled, or grilled and are easy on the stomach.
- Fish: Oily fish like salmon and tuna provide protein and beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce inflammation.
- Eggs: Hard-boiled or scrambled eggs are a versatile and protein-rich choice.
- Plant-Based Options: Lentils, beans, tofu, and nuts offer substantial protein for those following a plant-based diet or seeking variety.
- Dairy & Alternatives: Greek yogurt, cottage cheese, and fortified soy milk are high in protein and often easier to tolerate.
Fiber-Rich Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that protect your cells and support overall health. They also provide fiber, which is vital for digestive health.
- For Constipation: Increase intake of high-fiber foods such as fresh fruits (like pears and apples), vegetables, and whole grains. Dried fruits like prunes can also be effective.
- For Diarrhea: Opt for low-fiber, bland options like bananas, applesauce, white rice, and toast (the BRAT diet) to help bind stools.
- For Mouth Sores: Stick to soft, non-acidic fruits like bananas, peaches, and canned fruits. Puréed fruits in smoothies are also a good option.
Healthy Fats for Sustained Energy
Healthy fats are a concentrated source of energy, which is important for combating fatigue. They also help your body absorb fat-soluble vitamins.
- Avocado: Rich in monounsaturated fats, it can be added to smoothies, salads, or spread on toast.
- Nuts and Seeds: Walnuts, almonds, and flaxseeds are excellent sources of healthy fats and protein. They make for a convenient, calorie-dense snack.
- Olive Oil: Use olive oil for cooking and in salad dressings to increase calorie and healthy fat intake.
Managing Common Side Effects with Food Choices
Many patients on KEYTRUDA experience side effects that can be managed or alleviated with specific dietary adjustments.
Nausea and Vomiting
- Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day instead of three large ones.
- Choose bland, low-fat foods such as crackers, toast, or plain rice.
- Drink cold, clear beverages and sip them slowly between meals.
- Avoid fried, greasy, and strongly spiced foods.
- Ginger tea or ginger chews can help soothe nausea.
Fatigue and Appetite Loss
- Focus on calorie-dense, nutrient-rich foods to get the most out of every bite.
- Prepare meals and snacks in advance for easy access.
- Try high-protein shakes or smoothies for a concentrated source of calories and nutrients.
- Eat by the clock rather than waiting for hunger cues, as your appetite may be diminished.
Comparison of Food Choices for Managing KEYTRUDA Side Effects
| Food Category | Best for Diarrhea | Best for Constipation | Best for Nausea | Best for Mouth Sores |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grains | Plain white rice, white bread, toast | Whole-grain bread, brown rice, oatmeal, bran cereals | Crackers, toast, plain pasta | Cream of wheat, white rice porridge |
| Fruits | Bananas, applesauce, canned peaches | Fresh fruit with skins (pears, apples), prunes | Bananas, peaches | Bananas, canned fruit, applesauce, nectars |
| Vegetables | Plain, well-cooked vegetables without skin | Raw vegetables, legumes (peas, beans) | Cooked carrots | Cooked squash, mashed potatoes |
| Protein | Eggs, lean poultry, tofu | Legumes, beans, lentils | Plain chicken (broiled/baked), cottage cheese, eggs | Ground or pureed chicken/turkey, tofu |
| Dairy & Fats | Lactose-free dairy, non-dairy yogurt | Yogurt, healthy fats (olive oil, avocado) | Small amounts of yogurt, broth | Yogurt, custard, nutritional shakes |
Foods to Limit or Avoid
To minimize irritation and potential side effects, certain foods should be avoided, particularly when experiencing digestive issues.
- Raw or Undercooked Foods: Meat, fish (like sushi), eggs, and unpasteurized dairy can pose an infection risk for those with weakened immune systems.
- Highly Processed and Sugary Foods: Junk foods, processed meats, and excessive sugar offer little nutritional value and can increase inflammation and stress on the body.
- Alcohol and Caffeine: These can interfere with treatment, worsen side effects like diarrhea, and contribute to dehydration.
- Spicy and Acidic Foods: If you have mouth sores or digestive tract irritation, spicy or acidic foods like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar-based dressings can be painful and should be avoided.
The Importance of Hydration
Staying well-hydrated is crucial for flushing toxins from your body and managing side effects like diarrhea, vomiting, and fatigue.
- Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day, not just when you feel thirsty.
- Water is best, but broth, juices, herbal tea, and sports drinks also count.
- Try ice pops, gelatin, or watermelon if you are struggling with fluid intake.
Conclusion
Making thoughtful dietary choices can significantly improve your experience while on KEYTRUDA. By focusing on nutrient-dense foods, tailoring your diet to manage side effects, and staying well-hydrated, you can better support your body's strength and resilience during treatment. Always consult with your oncology team or a registered dietitian before making significant changes to your diet to ensure it aligns with your specific treatment plan and individual health needs. For further evidence-based nutritional guidance for cancer patients, explore reputable resources like the National Cancer Institute (https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nutrition).
