Understanding the Edibility of Gunnera
Contrary to common assumptions, not all Gunnera species are edible, and the leaves of all varieties should be considered inedible. The edibility is primarily linked to the peeled leaf stalks (petioles) of specific types, most famously Gunnera tinctoria, native to Chile and Argentina. Its stalks, known as nalca, have a history of being consumed in these regions. Gardeners and foragers, especially outside of this native range, must exercise extreme caution due to confusion with other species and the risk of misidentification.
The Edible Species: Gunnera tinctoria
Gunnera tinctoria, or Chilean rhubarb, is the species most widely recognized for its edible qualities. The young, peeled stalks are described as having a tangy, citrus-like flavor and can be eaten raw with salt or cooked into jams and sauces, similar to how true rhubarb is used. In its native lands, it is a commercialized food source. The large leaves are also traditionally used in a cooking method called curanto, where they cover food cooked in a pit.
Important Preparation Steps for G. tinctoria:
- Harvest young, tender stalks before they become too fibrous.
- Carefully peel the tough outer skin, which contains prickly bristles, to reveal the edible, inner flesh.
- Always discard the leaves, as they are not for human consumption.
- Handle the stems with gloves, as the bristles can cause skin irritation.
The Non-Edible or Questionable Species
Gunnera manicata is often referred to as Brazilian giant rhubarb, but it is not known for its culinary properties in the same way as G. tinctoria. Some anecdotal accounts exist of its stalks being eaten, but due to its similar appearance and the high risk of confusion with other species, it is not recommended for consumption. A specific hybrid, Gunnera x cryptica, is also widespread in cultivation, and its edibility is uncertain. It is best to avoid consuming any Gunnera that is not definitively identified as G. tinctoria.
Gunnera vs. True Rhubarb: Key Differences
Despite the similar common name, Gunnera and true rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) are from entirely different plant families. This is a critical distinction for foraging, as the rules of edibility differ significantly.
| Feature | Gunnera (e.g., G. tinctoria) | True Garden Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) |
|---|---|---|
| Plant Family | Gunneraceae | Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family) |
| Edible Part | Young, peeled stalks only | Stalks only |
| Poisonous Parts | Bristly stalks and leaves, though some stalks are edible after peeling | Leaves are toxic due to oxalic acid |
| Stem Characteristics | Covered in small, stiff bristles; large and robust | Smooth, without bristles |
| Typical Size | Can reach over 10 feet tall with 6 ft wide leaves | Typically 2-3 feet tall with smaller leaves |
Potential Risks and Lookalikes
When considering foraging for any wild plant, including edible Gunnera, correct identification is non-negotiable. The plant's bristly stems should be a major warning sign. Other large-leaved plants can be mistaken for Gunnera or wild rhubarb, including Burdock (Arctium) and Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum). While Burdock is generally edible, its edibility and preparation differ entirely.
- Skin Irritation: The bristly hairs on Gunnera stems and leaves can cause skin irritation and injury if not handled with care, so wear gloves when harvesting.
- Invasive Species Alert: In some regions, like the UK and Ireland, G. tinctoria is a highly invasive species that outcompetes native plants. Its removal is often required, so foragers must be aware of local regulations and species to avoid further spread.
- Habitat Contamination: Like any foraged food, be mindful of potential pollutants in the soil or water. Gunnera thrives in moist, boggy areas, which can be prone to contamination.
Conclusion: A Cautious Approach to a Wild Delicacy
In summary, while the answer to "Can Gunnera be eaten?" is yes for at least one specific species, Gunnera tinctoria, it is far from a simple culinary matter. Foragers must correctly identify the species, handle the plant with care, and only consume the properly prepared, peeled leaf stalks. Given the confusion with other non-edible species, its status as an invasive plant in some areas, and the existence of toxic lookalikes, sourcing this plant from a market or a reliably identified and safe source is highly preferable to wild foraging. The best advice for anyone not 100% certain of their identification is to admire these magnificent plants from a distance rather than risk an unpleasant or dangerous encounter. For more details on this plant's invasiveness and management, consult resources like the GB Non-native Species Secretariat: NNSS Gunnera tinctoria information.
