Understanding Cherry Types and Artificial Colors
The perception that all canned cherries are artificially colored with Red 40 is a common misconception that stems from the processing of maraschino cherries. However, the reality is more nuanced, with the coloring depending on the cherry variety, the final product type, and the manufacturer's recipe. It is crucial for consumers to understand the differences between these products to make informed dietary decisions. Maraschino cherries, for instance, undergo an extensive bleaching and dyeing process that nearly always involves synthetic dyes like Red 40. In contrast, standard canned dark sweet cherries rely on their natural pigments, while some cherry pie fillings use Red 40 and others opt for natural alternatives.
The Case of Maraschino Cherries and Red 40
Maraschino cherries, with their iconic bright red color, are the most prominent examples of canned cherries containing Red 40. The process of making maraschino cherries involves several steps that require the addition of artificial color. First, light-colored cherries (like Royal Ann or Gold varieties) are soaked in a brine solution containing calcium chloride and sulfur dioxide, which strips them of their natural color and flavor. This bleaching process leaves the cherries a pale, neutral color. Following this, the cherries are infused with sugar syrup, artificial flavorings (such as oil of bitter almonds), and, crucially, a red food dye, typically FD&C Red No. 40. The goal is to create a consistently vibrant, visually appealing product for garnishes and cocktails. It is important to note that the high level of processing removes much of the cherry's original nutritional value. Some manufacturers, such as Tillen Farms, offer natural maraschino cherries that use vegetable or fruit juice for coloring, providing an alternative for those who wish to avoid synthetic dyes.
Canned Dark Sweet Cherries and Their Natural Color
Unlike their maraschino counterparts, canned dark sweet cherries or tart cherries are generally not artificially colored. These products aim to preserve the natural flavor and appearance of the fruit. The deep, rich color comes directly from anthocyanins, the natural pigments found in the cherries. When canning dark cherries, manufacturers simply cook and pack the fruit in a syrup or juice to preserve it. While heat can sometimes slightly alter the color, the vibrant, burgundy hue remains naturally derived. Some brands may add ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) to prevent discoloration, but this is a preservative, not a color additive. Reading the ingredient list will confirm if a specific product is naturally colored or if any artificial additives are present.
The Varied Landscape of Canned Cherry Pie Filling
When it comes to canned cherry pie filling, the use of Red 40 is inconsistent and varies by brand. Some manufacturers add Red 40 to enhance the red color and create a more uniform appearance, as the natural color of cooked cherries can sometimes be muted or brownish. Brands like Essential Everyday list Red 40 as an ingredient to achieve this effect. However, many other brands, especially organic or natural varieties, rely on the cherries' own pigments or natural colorants like beet or carrot juice. For example, the Aldi house brand, Baker's Corner, and brands like Bonne Maman and Lucky Leaf Organic, have been noted for skipping artificial food coloring. Homemade pie fillings also show that a vibrant color can be achieved naturally by using high-quality, dark-colored cherries. Consumers should examine the ingredient list on the label to determine the specific coloring agent used by the brand.
Natural Alternatives to Artificial Dyes
For those seeking to avoid Red 40, numerous natural coloring alternatives can be used to achieve a red hue in food products. These alternatives are derived from fruits, vegetables, and other natural sources, offering vibrant colors without synthetic additives.
- Beetroot: Beet juice concentrate or beet powder is a popular and effective natural red colorant. It provides a deep red shade and is often used in natural food products.
- Berry Juices: Concentrated juices from tart cherries, raspberries, or strawberries offer a natural way to color foods red or pink. These also add a natural fruit flavor.
- Paprika: This spice, derived from peppers, can provide a red to orange hue. It is more commonly used in savory dishes but can serve as a colorant.
- Red Cabbage: While known for its purple color, cooking red cabbage and altering its pH can produce different shades, including a subtle red.
Red 40 vs. Natural Colorants Comparison Table
| Feature | Red 40 (Artificial Dye) | Natural Colorants (e.g., Beetroot, Anthocyanins) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Petroleum distillates | Fruits, vegetables, and natural sources |
| Color Intensity | Consistently vibrant and bright red | Varies depending on the source and processing; often a deeper, more earthy red |
| Processing | Synthetic manufacturing process | Derived from natural ingredients, often through juicing or simmering |
| Health Concerns | Linked to hyperactivity in sensitive children; some animal studies suggest risks | Generally considered safe, with no known links to behavioral issues |
| Labeling | Must be listed as "Red 40" or "FD&C Red No. 40" | Listed by the natural source, such as "beet juice color" or "fruit juice concentrate" |
| Flavor Impact | Flavorless | Can impart a subtle flavor from the source ingredient |
How to Check for Red 40 in Canned Cherries
The most important step for consumers concerned about Red 40 is to read the ingredient list on the product label. By law, artificial colorings must be declared in the ingredients. Here's what to look for:
- Maraschino Cherries: Most jars of traditional maraschino cherries will explicitly list "Red 40" or "FD&C Red No. 40". Look for brands that specify "natural colors" or list the coloring agent as "beet juice concentrate".
- Dark Sweet or Tart Cherries: For canned dark sweet or tart cherries, check for any color additives. The ingredient list should primarily contain cherries, water, and perhaps a sweetener like sugar or juice.
- Cherry Pie Filling: For pie fillings, compare different brands. Some will list "Red 40 Color", while others will list natural alternatives or simply rely on the fruit's own color. Opt for organic or natural varieties if you want to be sure.
Conclusion: The Importance of Reading Labels
In conclusion, whether canned cherries contain Red 40 is not a simple yes-or-no question. The answer is product-specific, with the most heavily processed type, the maraschino cherry, being the most likely to contain the synthetic dye. Canned dark sweet cherries and certain natural pie fillings, however, often rely on natural pigments. For consumers, the best practice is to always check the ingredient label carefully. This diligence empowers you to choose products that align with your dietary preferences and nutritional goals, whether you are avoiding Red 40 due to sensitivity concerns or simply preferring more natural ingredients. The market now offers many alternatives, making it easier than ever to enjoy delicious canned cherries without artificial colorants.
