What Are PFAS and Why Are They a Concern?
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, widely known as PFAS, are a class of thousands of synthetic chemicals that have been in use since the 1940s. They are nicknamed "forever chemicals" because their strong carbon-fluorine bonds make them extremely resistant to breaking down in the environment and in our bodies. Their grease-, heat-, and water-resistant properties have made them a popular choice for everything from non-stick cookware to food packaging. The concern over PFAS stems from mounting evidence linking certain compounds to a range of potential adverse health effects, including a higher risk of certain cancers (kidney and testicular), liver damage, fertility issues, and effects on the immune system. Due to their persistence and mobility, PFAS can contaminate drinking water sources, including the groundwater that many beverage companies use.
Conflicting Reports: Polar's Claims vs. Independent Testing
The discussion surrounding whether Polar Seltzer cans have PFAS became particularly heated following a 2020 investigation by Consumer Reports. The study, which tested bottled and canned waters from various brands, found detectable levels of PFAS in several sparkling water products. Specifically, Polar Natural Seltzer Water was found to contain 6.41 parts per trillion (ppt) of PFAS. This level was significantly higher than the 1 ppt limit recommended by the Environmental Working Group (EWG).
In direct contrast, Polar Beverages' official statements strongly assert that their products contain "undetectable levels" of PFAS. The company claims to exceed all state and federal standards through rigorous monitoring and independent testing of its water. They also implemented new reverse osmosis filtration systems in 2018 to specifically address newly detected forever chemicals in groundwater. The discrepancy could be attributed to a number of factors, including differences in testing methodology, the timing of the tests, and ongoing improvements to Polar's filtration process since the 2020 study.
Polar Beverages' Commitment to Quality
Polar Beverages has a long history and has made a public commitment to water quality. As detailed on their website, the company uses advanced filtration processes for their locally sourced water. This includes employing reverse osmosis filtration, a highly effective method for removing contaminants, to address potential PFAS contamination. By filtering to levels well below the lowest standards and continuously monitoring their water supply, Polar aims to provide a safe product. They emphasize that they can confidently state that all beverages have "undetectable levels" of PFAS, which they define as the highest attainable level of assurance.
Understanding the Potential Sources of PFAS
Consumers may wonder if PFAS could be leaching into their seltzer from the can itself. While PFAS have been used in many food and beverage packaging types, including can linings, the primary concern in the Polar seltzer controversy was the water source.
- Contaminated Water Source: As PFAS have become widespread in the environment, they can contaminate groundwater used by beverage manufacturers. Without effective filtration, this can be a direct source of contamination. This was the focus of the 2020 Consumer Reports study.
- Packaging Migration: PFAS were historically used in certain food packaging materials for their grease-repellent properties. However, the use of PFAS in food packaging is being phased out in many regions, and many companies have transitioned to alternatives. The controversy surrounding Polar focused on water quality, not specifically the can lining.
- Manufacturing Processes: PFAS could potentially enter the product through manufacturing equipment. However, as regulations tighten, companies are taking more proactive steps to mitigate these risks.
Understanding the Levels: A Comparison Table
To put the 2020 findings into perspective, here is how Polar Seltzer compared to other sparkling water brands tested in the Consumer Reports study:
| Brand | PFAS Level (ppt) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Topo Chico Natural Mineral Water | 9.76 | Highest detected level in the study. |
| Polar Natural Seltzer Water | 6.41 | Found to contain measurable PFAS in the 2020 study. |
| Bubly Blackberry Sparkling Water | 2.24 | Another brand with measurable PFAS. |
| LaCroix Natural Sparkling Water | 1.16 | Tested above the 1 ppt EWG recommendation. |
| Perrier Natural Sparkling Mineral Water | 1.1 | Also tested above the 1 ppt EWG recommendation. |
| Spindrift | 0.19 | One of the lowest levels detected in the study. |
| Sparkling Ice Black Raspberry | Undetected | No PFAS were detected in this brand's product. |
How to Reduce Your Exposure to PFAS
While Polar has stated it takes significant measures to ensure safety, consumers concerned about PFAS can take several steps to reduce their overall exposure:
- Check Water Quality Reports: Review the most recent water quality reports from the beverage brand you consume. Many companies, including Polar, post this information publicly online.
- Use Home Filtration Systems: For your tap water, consider purchasing a home water filter certified to remove PFAS. Common types include activated carbon filters and reverse osmosis systems.
- Opt for Verified Brands: Consider brands that have been independently verified to be PFAS-free, or those that tested below the detection limits in reliable independent studies, such as the Consumer Reports study.
- Limit Packaged Foods: Reduce consumption of fast food and microwave popcorn, which often use grease-resistant paper or wrappers that can contain PFAS.
- Be Mindful of Non-Stick Cookware: While many legacy products contained high levels of PFAS (like PFOA and PFOS), newer formulations are used. Still, avoiding older non-stick pans or being mindful of the heat can reduce potential exposure.
Conclusion: Navigating the Sparkling Water Debate
The question of whether Polar Seltzer cans have PFAS has a complex answer shaped by conflicting data. While a 2020 Consumer Reports study found measurable amounts, Polar Beverages asserts that its current, rigorous filtration processes result in undetectable levels. The discrepancy highlights the importance of staying informed about water quality and understanding that standards and test results can change over time. By utilizing home filtration, seeking current data from brands, and minimizing other sources of PFAS in your life, you can make an informed choice about your consumption of sparkling water. For more details on the 2020 study, you can review the coverage from CBS News. Ultimately, consumers must weigh the company's assurances against past findings and their own comfort level regarding these persistent chemicals.
Can Coatings: Not the Primary Issue
It's important to differentiate the water source issue from the can's internal lining. While some beverage cans historically used coatings with PFAS, the debate surrounding Polar seltzer in the 2020 study focused on the water, not the packaging. Brands are increasingly moving away from using chemicals like BPA and PFAS in their packaging, though cross-contamination can always be a risk in factories.
