Do You Consume Microplastics From Chewing Gum?

December 24, 2025 •

3 min read

According to a 2025 UCLA study, chewing a single piece of gum can release hundreds to thousands of microplastic particles into your saliva. This alarming revelation has brought attention to a previously overlooked source of microplastic consumption in our daily lives.

Quick Summary

Chewing gum, both synthetic and 'natural,' contains a polymer-based gum base that sheds microplastics when chewed. The particles enter saliva and are likely ingested, though health effects are still under investigation. Reducing exposure is possible through product alternatives.

Key Points

Microplastics are present in chewing gum: Recent studies, including a 2025 UCLA pilot study, confirm that both synthetic and so-called 'natural' gums release microplastics into saliva during chewing.
Chewing releases thousands of particles: A single gram of gum can release an average of 100 microplastic particles, with most particles shed within the first eight minutes of chewing.
'Gum base' often means plastic: The generic ingredient 'gum base' is typically a proprietary blend of synthetic polymers, many of which are petroleum-based plastics.
Health effects are still under investigation: While the long-term health consequences are not yet fully understood, microplastics are known to accumulate in organs and have been linked to inflammation and cellular damage in preliminary studies.
Plastic-free alternatives exist: Consumers can reduce microplastic consumption by switching to genuinely plant-based, plastic-free gum brands or other natural breath fresheners.
Be aware of greenwashing: The UCLA study found that 'natural' labeled gums still released microplastics, indicating potential contamination or the use of undisclosed synthetic materials.
Reducing exposure is a precautionary measure: Limiting gum chewing, especially during the initial minutes, can help minimize ingestion until further research clarifies the full health risks of microplastic consumption.

The Hidden Plastic in Your Gum

For decades, chewing gum has been a seemingly innocuous habit. Yet, what many consumers don't realize is that the 'gum base' listed as a generic ingredient on most packaging is often a blend of synthetic polymers—in other words, plastics. While early chewing gums used natural tree saps like chicle, modern manufacturing switched to cheaper, petroleum-based alternatives to achieve the desired texture and longevity. These synthetic compounds can include polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, and polyisobutylene—materials also used in car tires, plastic bags, and glue.

Scientific Confirmation: A Pilot Study's Findings

A groundbreaking pilot study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and presented at the American Chemical Society in 2025, provided concrete evidence of microplastic release from chewing gum. The study, which tested both synthetic and natural gum brands, found that chewing physically erodes the gum base, releasing microscopic plastic fragments into saliva. The results showed that a single gram of gum released an average of 100 microplastic particles, with some varieties shedding as many as 600 per gram. Up to 94% of microplastics were released within the first eight minutes of chewing. The study found similar amounts of microplastics released from both synthetic and 'natural' gums.

The Path from Saliva to Consumption

When you chew, the plastic polymers break down into tiny particles that mix with your saliva. While the intestinal lining is designed to regulate absorption, many particles are likely swallowed. Humans are already ingesting microplastics from sources like bottled water and food, making chewing gum an additional source of exposure. The abrasive action of chewing drives this release.

The Unclear Health Implications of Microplastic Ingestion

The health effects of microplastic ingestion are still being understood. Preliminary research suggests potential harm.

Inflammation and Cellular Damage: Microplastics have been shown to cause inflammation and damage to cells.
Endocrine Disruption: Chemicals in plastics can disrupt hormonal functions.
Organ Accumulation: Particles have been found in various human organs.
Increased Risk of Disease: Some studies suggest links to heart disease and metabolic disorders.

Comparison: Standard vs. Plastic-Free Gum

To make an informed choice, it's essential to understand the difference between traditional gums and their newer, plastic-free counterparts.


Feature	Standard Chewing Gum	Plastic-Free Chewing Gum
Gum Base	Synthetic polymers (polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, etc.)	Natural, plant-based ingredients (chicle, tree sap)
Ingredient Label	Often uses the umbrella term "gum base"	Explicitly states natural, biodegradable gum base ingredients
Microplastic Release	Confirmed to release microplastics into saliva during chewing	Designed to not release microplastics and is biodegradable
Chewiness & Texture	Highly consistent, long-lasting synthetic texture	May have a slightly different texture, can stiffen more quickly
Environmental Impact	Not biodegradable; contributes to environmental plastic litter	Biodegradable and better for the environment
Additives	May contain artificial sweeteners, flavors, and colors	Often uses natural sweeteners, flavors, and colors

Reducing Your Microplastic Exposure from Chewing Gum

Considering the potential unknowns, many consumers are seeking alternatives. Here are some steps to reduce microplastic intake from chewing gum:

Choose Certified Plastic-Free Brands: Look for companies that explicitly state they use a natural, plant-based gum base, such as those made from chicle. Some brands are certified plastic-free.
Chew Less Often: Reducing chewing frequency can minimize overall exposure.
Support Transparent Labeling: Advocate for policies requiring manufacturers to disclose the exact composition of their "gum base".
Opt for Natural Alternatives: Consider natural alternatives like mint leaves, cloves, or brushing your teeth to eliminate the risk of ingesting microplastics from gum.

The Broader Picture of Plastic Pollution

The issue of microplastics in chewing gum is part of a larger global problem of plastic pollution, which introduces microplastics into the air, water, and food. The UCLA study on chewing gum highlights the need for greater awareness about plastic ingredients and adopting precautionary measures regarding health and environmental consequences.

For more information on the impact of plastic pollution, you can explore research from organizations like the Environmental Working Group (EWG).

Conclusion

Yes, you do consume microplastics from chewing gum due to its polymer-based gum base, whether synthetic or 'natural'. Studies show chewing releases thousands of plastic particles into saliva, likely swallowed. While health effects are unclear, early research suggests potential risks like inflammation. Choosing certified plastic-free gums and being mindful of chewing habits can reduce exposure. Addressing this is a step in tackling broader microplastic pollution.

Frequently Asked Questions

Most commercially available chewing gums contain a 'gum base' that is made from synthetic polymers, which are plastics. A 2025 study found that both synthetic and natural-labeled gums released microplastics, though truly plastic-free alternatives do exist.

Research indicates that a single piece of chewing gum can release hundreds to thousands of microplastic particles into your saliva. The exact number depends on the gum brand and size.

The physical act of chewing breaks down the plastic polymers in the gum base, releasing tiny microplastic fragments. These particles mix with your saliva and are then swallowed.

The long-term health effects are still being researched. However, studies on animals and human cells have linked microplastic exposure to inflammation, cellular damage, and hormonal disruption.

The 2025 UCLA study found that natural-labeled gums released similar amounts of microplastics as synthetic gums. This could be due to contamination or undisclosed ingredients. To be sure, look for brands explicitly certified as plastic-free.

The term 'gum base' is a proprietary industry term for a mixture of ingredients that provide the gum's chewy texture. In most modern gums, this blend includes synthetic polymers and petroleum-based substances.

There are several certified plastic-free gum brands available that use natural bases like chicle. You can also opt for other breath freshening methods, such as mint leaves or oral hygiene practices.

Look for explicit labeling on the packaging stating that the gum base is plant-based, biodegradable, or plastic-free. If the ingredients list simply says 'gum base,' it likely contains synthetic polymers.

Since most microplastics are released within the first eight minutes of chewing, limiting your chewing duration or chewing the same piece for a longer period of time could reduce overall exposure.