What is 7-Keto-DHEA?
7-keto-DHEA, also known as 7-oxo-DHEA, is a naturally occurring metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. A key distinction from its parent compound, DHEA, is that 7-keto does not convert into sex hormones like testosterone or estrogen. This is significant for those concerned about hormonal side effects associated with DHEA supplementation.
Like DHEA, the body's production of 7-keto-DHEA also declines with age. This has led to its marketing as a dietary supplement to support weight management and metabolism. Because it does not alter hormone levels in the same way as DHEA, it is often promoted as a safer alternative for those seeking metabolic support without the risk of androgenic or estrogenic side effects.
The Proposed Mechanism for Weight Loss
The primary theory behind how 7-keto-DHEA may assist with weight loss is through increasing thermogenesis and metabolic rate.
- Thermogenesis: This is the process by which the body produces heat, a process that requires energy expenditure. 7-keto is thought to be more thermogenic than DHEA itself. By increasing thermogenesis, the body burns more calories at rest, which contributes to creating a calorie deficit necessary for weight loss.
- Metabolism Boost: Several studies have investigated 7-keto's effect on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) in overweight adults. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that subjects taking 7-keto experienced a significant increase in RMR, which effectively reversed the natural metabolic slowdown associated with dieting. Another study also noted an increase in RMR. This metabolic support is often seen as a significant benefit for dieters.
- Enzyme Activity: 7-keto-DHEA works by enhancing the activity of key thermogenic enzymes, including mitochondrial sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) and cytosolic malic enzyme. These enzymes help increase energy expenditure by using a less efficient pathway for electron transport, causing more energy to be dissipated as heat rather than stored.
Evidence from Clinical Studies
Clinical research on 7-keto's effectiveness for weight loss has produced mixed results, with most studies being small and short-term.
- Positive Findings: An 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30 overweight participants found that those who received 200 mg per day of 7-keto (in combination with diet and exercise) lost significantly more weight and body fat than the placebo group. Another study using a multi-ingredient formula containing 7-keto showed a similar outcome of greater weight loss compared to a placebo group.
- Inconclusive Findings: A 2022 systematic review of the literature on 7-keto-DHEA and body weight concluded that with the evidence currently available, no clear answer can be given regarding its efficacy. The review noted that while some studies found statistically significant reductions in weight, body fat percentage, or BMI, others did not. The review also highlighted several limitations in existing research, including small sample sizes, short study durations, and potential conflicts of interest due to supplement-company funding.
7-Keto vs. DHEA: A Comparison for Weight Loss
| Feature | 7-Keto-DHEA | DHEA |
|---|---|---|
| Hormonal Conversion | Does NOT convert into sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen). | Converts into sex hormones, which can cause significant hormonal changes. |
| Proposed Weight Loss Mechanism | Increases thermogenesis and metabolic rate by activating specific fat-burning enzymes. | Has been suggested to have thermogenic properties in animal studies, but human evidence is less clear. |
| Side Effects Profile | Fewer hormonal side effects; generally considered well-tolerated in short-term use. Potential mild side effects like headaches or nausea. | Higher risk of hormonal side effects, including acne, oily skin, hair loss, and mood changes. |
| Regulatory Status | Banned by the World Anti-Doping Association (WADA) for use in sports due to classification as an anabolic agent. | Banned by many sports organizations for similar reasons. |
Potential Side Effects and Safety
For short-term use (up to 8 weeks), 7-keto is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in studies. Reported side effects are typically mild and may include:
- Nausea
- Heartburn
- Metallic taste
- Headaches
- Digestive issues
It is crucial to note that the long-term safety of 7-keto has not been established. People with underlying health conditions, especially thyroid disorders, should consult a doctor before using it, as there is some theoretical concern about increased T3 levels, though not all studies have observed this. Additionally, pregnant or lactating women should avoid this supplement. Because 7-keto is banned by WADA, athletes should also avoid it.
How to Take 7-Keto for Weight Loss
For those considering supplementation, it's important to use 7-keto as an adjunct to, not a replacement for, a healthy lifestyle.
- Follow a Balanced Diet: A calorie-restricted diet is necessary for weight loss, and 7-keto can help combat the associated metabolic slowdown.
- Incorporate Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity is a core component of any successful weight loss plan and enhances the effects of 7-keto.
- Use Consistent Dosing: Studies have typically used dosages between 100-200 mg per day, often split into two doses.
- Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration is essential for overall metabolic function and can help mitigate potential side effects like headaches.
Conclusion: Does 7 Keto Work for Weight Loss?
Limited clinical studies suggest that 7-keto may provide a modest boost to weight loss efforts, primarily by preventing a drop in metabolic rate and increasing thermogenesis when combined with a calorie-controlled diet and exercise. However, the evidence is not strong enough for 7-keto to be considered a definitive or standalone weight loss solution. The existing research is limited by small sample sizes and short durations, and more robust, long-term studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Ultimately, 7-keto is best viewed as a potential supplement to complement a solid foundation of healthy eating and regular physical activity. Anyone considering adding 7-keto to their regimen should first consult with a healthcare professional, especially if they have pre-existing health conditions or are taking other medications.
A Note on Efficacy and Safety
The FDA has noted a lack of clinical evidence regarding 7-keto's safety and efficacy, particularly with prolonged use. This means consumers should be aware of the unsubstantiated claims and questionable quality control sometimes associated with dietary supplements. The long-term effects on human health remain largely unknown.
The Verdict
For those seeking a mild metabolic boost to assist with weight loss, and who already have a healthy diet and exercise plan, 7-keto might offer a marginal benefit based on short-term research. However, it is not a magic solution, and reliance on it without fundamental lifestyle changes will likely lead to disappointment. Prudent use, combined with a healthy diet and exercise, and with a doctor's supervision, is the most responsible approach.
