Testing Reveals Heavy Metals in Dark Chocolate
In late 2022, the nonprofit organization Consumer Reports (CR) conducted tests on 28 different dark chocolate bars and found detectable levels of cadmium and lead in all of them. Some products, including several from Hershey's, contained levels that, based on California's standards, posed potential health risks to consumers who eat the products daily. Specifically, CR's tests showed Hershey's Special Dark Mildly Sweet Chocolate with lead levels 265% higher than California's Maximum Allowable Dose Level (MADL). Two Lily's products—a brand owned by Hershey—were also flagged for high levels of lead or both lead and cadmium.
These findings ignited a public discussion about the safety of chocolate products and prompted lawsuits against Hershey, alleging deceptive marketing practices due to the undisclosed presence of these heavy metals. Hershey has since responded, acknowledging that lead and cadmium can be naturally present due to soil conditions but also stating a commitment to reducing their levels.
The Source of Heavy Metals in Chocolate
Understanding why heavy metals appear in chocolate helps shed light on the issue. The contamination largely happens at two stages of the chocolate-making process:
- Cadmium in the Soil: The cacao plant can absorb cadmium from the soil as it grows. Because cadmium primarily resides in the cocoa solids, dark chocolate, which contains a higher percentage of these solids, typically has higher cadmium levels than milk chocolate.
- Lead during Processing: Lead contamination is believed to occur after the cocoa beans are harvested. The beans are dried outdoors, and during this stage, lead-containing dust can settle on them from environmental sources. This lead can be a residue from historical industrial pollution, like the use of leaded gasoline, which contaminated soil globally.
What Did Consumer Reports Find?
Consumer Reports' testing highlighted the heavy metal issue by using California's Proposition 65 standards as a benchmark. While these are not federal limits, CR and other advocacy groups consider them protective and useful for comparison. The findings were not limited to Hershey products but included several other brands as well. The results for some Hershey's dark chocolate were among the highest detected.
Comparison of Selected Hershey's Products Tested by Consumer Reports
| Product | Lead (% of CA MADL) | Cadmium (% of CA MADL) |
|---|---|---|
| Hershey's Special Dark Mildly Sweet Chocolate | 265% | 30% |
| Lily's Extra Dark Chocolate 70% Cocoa | 144% | 42% |
| Lily's Extreme Dark Chocolate 85% Cocoa | 143% | 101% |
| Hershey's Milk Chocolate Bar | 67% | 31% |
| Hershey's Cocoa (Naturally Unsweetened) | 125% | 18% |
Note: Data based on Consumer Reports' findings, using a 1-ounce serving for chocolate bars and 1-tablespoon for cocoa powder.
Health Risks and Industry Response
Chronic exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium is linked to serious health problems, even in small amounts. For children and pregnant individuals, the risk is especially high, as these metals can cause developmental issues and affect the nervous system. In adults, long-term exposure can lead to hypertension, kidney damage, reproductive issues, and nervous system problems.
In response to the lawsuits and consumer concerns, Hershey's stated that the trace amounts of heavy metals found were below recommended levels and are naturally occurring. The company indicated it is looking for ways to further reduce these levels, such as exploring different sourcing methods or additional cleaning processes. Industry trade groups, such as the National Confectioners Association, have also pushed back against the use of California's standards, asserting that chocolate products are safe.
What Can Consumers Do?
For those concerned about heavy metals in chocolate, a few strategies can help mitigate exposure:
- Moderation is Key: Since risk is linked to chronic, high-level consumption, enjoying dark chocolate in moderation is a primary way to limit intake. It is a treat, not a main food source.
- Diversify Your Diet: Heavy metals are found in many foods, not just chocolate. Eating a balanced diet with a variety of foods can help ensure you aren't over-consuming any specific source.
- Consider Lower Cacao Percentages: Because heavy metals are concentrated in the cocoa solids, choosing milk chocolate or dark chocolates with lower cacao percentages (if you're going to eat a lot of it) can lower exposure.
- Stay Informed: The situation is ongoing, with more testing and mitigation efforts expected. Consumers can check sources like Consumer Reports for updated product information and guidance.
Conclusion
While a definitive federal standard for heavy metals in chocolate doesn't exist, multiple tests by consumer watchdog organizations like Consumer Reports have shown that Hershey dark chocolate products do contain heavy metals like lead and cadmium. These levels, while varying, have been high enough in some instances to trigger consumer lawsuits and prompt Hershey to commit to reduction efforts. For consumers, being aware of the potential risks and practicing moderation can help make informed choices about chocolate consumption. You can find more detailed information and lists of tested products on the Consumer Reports website.
