Heavy Metals in Hershey's Dark Chocolate: A Closer Look
In late 2022, Consumer Reports (CR) published findings that brought significant attention to the potential presence of heavy metals, specifically lead and cadmium, in a variety of dark chocolate products. The findings included several bars from The Hershey Company, including its owned brand, Lily's. Subsequent class-action lawsuits were filed, alleging that Hershey's failed to disclose these heavy metal levels to consumers. Understanding the source of these metals and the context of the testing is crucial for consumers.
Consumer Reports' Specific Findings on Hershey's Dark Chocolate
CR's testing used California's Maximum Allowable Dose Level (MADL) for lead and cadmium as a benchmark, noting that there are no comparable federal standards for most foods. The results for some Hershey's products were particularly notable:
- Hershey's Special Dark Mildly Sweet Chocolate: One ounce contained lead levels 265% of the MADL.
- Lily's Extra Dark Chocolate 70% Cocoa: A Hershey's-owned brand, this product showed lead levels 144% of the MADL.
- Lily's Extreme Dark Chocolate 85% Cocoa: Another Lily's bar, this was found to be high in both lead (143% of MADL) and cadmium (101% of MADL).
It's important to note that these figures are based on CR's interpretation of California's standard, and Hershey's and the National Confectioners Association have objected to the use of these limits, stating that their products are safe and legally compliant.
The Chocolate Industry's Response and Ongoing Lawsuits
Following the reports, Hershey's faced class-action lawsuits accusing the company of selling products with undisclosed heavy metals. Hershey's response, often delivered via a spokesperson or through legal filings, emphasizes that lead and cadmium are naturally occurring elements in the environment and that agricultural products, including cacao, can contain trace levels. The company also stated its commitment to reducing these levels, with its CFO noting that the manufacturing process already removes the "vast majority" of the heavy metals. Lawsuits concerning these allegations have continued, but Hershey's has contested them, sometimes resulting in voluntary dismissals from plaintiffs.
How Do Lead and Cadmium Get Into Dark Chocolate?
Research suggests that the entry of these heavy metals into chocolate occurs at different stages of the cacao production process.
- Cadmium: The cacao plant naturally absorbs cadmium from the soil as it grows. Cadmium levels can vary depending on the soil composition, with volcanic soils often containing higher concentrations. Levels also tend to increase as cacao trees age.
- Lead: While present in soil, lead contamination primarily occurs after harvesting. As the cacao beans are dried outside, often in the sun, airborne lead from soil and dust settles on the beans' outer shells. Proper handling and processing can significantly reduce lead contamination.
Comparing Heavy Metal Levels in Chocolate Products
| Feature | Dark Chocolate | Milk Chocolate |
|---|---|---|
| Cocoa Content | High (e.g., 70% or higher) | Low (less cocoa solids) |
| Heavy Metal Levels | Generally higher levels of lead and cadmium | Generally lower levels of heavy metals due to dilution |
| Primary Source of Heavy Metals | Contamination from soil and post-harvest exposure | Lesser concern due to lower cocoa solid concentration |
| Healthier Reputation | Often considered "healthier" for antioxidants, despite heavy metal risk | High in sugar and dairy, less health-conscious option |
How to Minimize Exposure to Heavy Metals from Chocolate
Consumers can take several steps to make informed choices and mitigate risk, while still enjoying chocolate.
- Vary Consumption: Do not rely on one brand or type of chocolate consistently. Alternating brands and cocoa percentages can help limit exposure to any single source of contamination.
- Choose Lower Cacao Percentages: Opting for lower-cacao dark chocolates or mixing in milk chocolate can reduce overall heavy metal intake, as the concentration is tied to the cocoa solids.
- Consider "Safer" Brands: CR's reports identified specific brands and bars with lower levels of concern. While this information is from specific tests, it can offer guidance.
- Treat Dark Chocolate as a Treat: As with any indulgence, moderation is key. A serving a few times a week, rather than daily, is unlikely to pose a significant risk, especially when part of a varied diet.
- Support Corporate Responsibility: Look for brands that are transparent about their sourcing and testing practices. Some companies are more proactive in disclosing their methods for minimizing heavy metal content.
Conclusion: Navigating the Heavy Metal Debate
Ultimately, the issue of heavy metals in Hershey's dark chocolate and other brands is complex. While all dark chocolate may contain some level of lead and cadmium, the key lies in understanding the context provided by organizations like Consumer Reports, which highlighted products with comparatively higher levels. Consumers should be aware of the potential for heavy metal content, particularly in higher-cacao products, and practice moderation. It's a balance between enjoying chocolate's potential health benefits and minimizing exposure to heavy metals. The ongoing dialogue and legal actions serve to push the industry toward greater transparency and safer sourcing and manufacturing practices.
- Learn more about the sources and health effects of heavy metals in chocolate from Consumer Reports' 2022 investigation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Does Hershey's Special Dark bar have lead? Yes, according to a 2022 Consumer Reports study, Hershey's Special Dark Mildly Sweet Chocolate contained concerning levels of lead. It's important to remember that this was based on a single test and benchmark, but it does indicate the potential presence of this heavy metal.
2. Is it safe to eat Hershey's dark chocolate? Hershey's and the National Confectioners Association maintain that their products are safe and meet all applicable regulations. The health risk is primarily associated with consistent, long-term exposure to heavy metals, especially for vulnerable groups like children. Occasional consumption as part of a varied diet is considered low-risk.
3. Do all dark chocolate products have lead and cadmium? Lead and cadmium are naturally occurring in the environment and can be found in many food products, including nearly all cocoa-based items. However, the levels can vary significantly between products and brands due to differences in sourcing and manufacturing.
4. Why does dark chocolate have more heavy metals than milk chocolate? Dark chocolate contains a higher concentration of cocoa solids, and both lead and cadmium concentrate within the cocoa solids. Because milk chocolate has lower cocoa content, the heavy metals are more diluted.
5. How do lead and cadmium get into chocolate? Cadmium is absorbed by the cacao plant from the soil, while lead often contaminates cacao beans after they are harvested, typically by settling on the beans as they dry outside.
6. What is being done to reduce heavy metals in chocolate? Some chocolate makers are exploring new sourcing strategies, improved harvesting practices to minimize lead contamination, and advanced bean cleaning processes. Legal pressure from consumer groups and lawsuits is also pushing companies to address the issue more aggressively.
7. Should children eat dark chocolate? Given the greater health risks for young children, who are more susceptible to the effects of heavy metals like lead, it is wise for parents to limit their consumption of dark chocolate. Medical professionals should be consulted for specific dietary advice.
