Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a tall, tropical grass known for its distinct lemon scent and flavor. It is a staple in Southeast Asian cuisine and is widely used in herbal teas and aromatherapy due to its reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. While generally safe when consumed in food amounts, its potential side effects and interactions must be understood, especially when used medicinally or excessively.
Common Oral Side Effects of Lemongrass
For most healthy adults, consuming lemongrass in moderation, as is common in food or a few cups of tea daily, poses little risk. However, consuming excessive amounts can trigger a range of side effects. Many of these issues are directly linked to consuming more than the body can easily process.
Digestive Issues
One of the most frequently reported side effects is gastrointestinal distress. Some individuals may experience:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain or cramping
- Increased appetite, paradoxically, after prolonged use
These symptoms are more likely to occur when the body is unaccustomed to the herb or when consumed in large, concentrated doses.
Nervous System and Diuretic Effects
Lemongrass can act on the body in ways that affect energy levels and fluid balance. Potential side effects include:
- Dizziness and drowsiness, which can impact daily activities like driving
- Fatigue and weakness
- Frequent urination, due to its diuretic properties that help flush out excess water and sodium
Who Should Be Cautious About Lemongrass Consumption?
While lemongrass is fine for most, certain populations should exercise caution or avoid it entirely due to a heightened risk of adverse effects.
Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
Lemongrass is considered likely unsafe during pregnancy, particularly when consumed in medicinal quantities. Animal studies have shown potential risks to the fetus from certain compounds found in lemongrass. Furthermore, it may stimulate uterine contractions and menstrual flow, which could increase the risk of miscarriage. The safety for breastfeeding women is not well-established, so avoidance is typically recommended.
Individuals with Specific Health Conditions
People with pre-existing medical conditions may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of lemongrass:
- Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Because lemongrass can lower blood pressure, individuals already dealing with low blood pressure should be cautious to avoid dangerous drops that can lead to dizziness, weakness, or fainting.
- Kidney or Liver Issues: High or prolonged doses of lemongrass have been linked to potential adverse effects on kidney function, including decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Those with kidney or liver disease should avoid it or consult a doctor first, as the herb can put extra strain on these organs.
- Heart Problems: Men with certain heart conditions should use lemongrass in moderation, as studies have shown it can moderately drop systolic blood pressure and mildly increase diastolic pressure, as well as significantly lower heart rate.
Those with Grass Allergies
People with known allergies to grasses or other members of the Poaceae family may experience allergic reactions to lemongrass. Symptoms can include skin rashes, itching, hives, or respiratory distress.
Children
Lemongrass is not recommended for children under 18 due to a lack of sufficient safety data.
Drug Interactions with Lemongrass
Lemongrass can interact with several types of medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing side effects. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential if you take any of the following:
- Blood Thinners (Anticoagulants): May increase the risk of bleeding.
- Diabetes Medications: Can lower blood sugar, leading to hypoglycemia.
- Blood Pressure Medications: The combined effect may cause blood pressure to drop too low.
- Diuretics: May increase fluid loss and potentially cause electrolyte imbalances.
- Sedatives: Can increase drowsiness and sleepiness.
- Medications metabolized by the liver: Lemongrass may interfere with liver enzymes, affecting how the body breaks down certain drugs.
Comparison of Lemongrass Forms: Risks and Safety
| Feature | Culinary Use (Leaves/Stalk) | Herbal Tea | Essential Oil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Level | Low (in moderate amounts) | Moderate (with high/prolonged use) | High (especially if ingested) |
| Common Issues | Minor digestive upset possible | Dizziness, fatigue, increased urination with excess | Skin irritation (topical), toxicity (ingestion) |
| Safety Notes | Generally safe for most. | Start with small quantities to assess tolerance. | NEVER ingest unless professionally supervised; ALWAYS dilute for topical use. |
| Concentration | Low | Low to Moderate | Very High |
Conclusion: The Importance of Moderation and Medical Advice
While lemongrass is a potent herb with documented benefits, its use, especially in concentrated or medicinal forms, requires caution. The potential side effects, ranging from minor digestive issues to more serious concerns regarding kidney function and drug interactions, highlight the importance of moderation. Individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding, have pre-existing medical conditions, or are on medication should consult a healthcare provider before incorporating lemongrass into their regimen. Following dosage recommendations and listening to your body are crucial for a safe and healthy experience with this aromatic herb.
For more information on herbal remedies and their safety, consult resources from a trusted institution like the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
