The Science Behind Sprouting
Potatoes are tubers—the underground part of the potato plant—that store nutrients for new plant growth. Sprouting is a natural part of their life cycle, signaling that the potato is trying to reproduce. This process is influenced by environmental conditions, particularly light, temperature, and humidity.
- Temperature: When stored at temperatures above 45–50°F (7–10°C), potatoes are tricked into thinking it's springtime and begin to sprout more quickly.
- Light: Exposure to light triggers the production of chlorophyll, which causes the potato to turn green. This greening also signals an increase in solanine, a toxic alkaloid.
- Humidity: A high-moisture environment encourages bacterial and fungal growth, which can lead to rot and accelerate sprouting.
Best Practices for Optimal Potato Storage
Implementing the right storage strategy is the most effective way to prevent potatoes from sprouting and ensure they remain fresh and safe to eat for as long as possible.
Find the Ideal Location
- Cool, dark, and dry: The best place for potatoes is a location that mimics a root cellar, such as a basement, pantry, or cool cabinet. The ideal temperature range is 45–55°F (7–13°C). Keep them away from ovens, heaters, and windows.
- Out of the fridge: Despite common belief, the refrigerator is too cold for storing raw potatoes. Cold temperatures convert the potato's starch into sugars, which can affect the taste, texture, and color during cooking.
Ensure Proper Ventilation
- Use breathable containers: Plastic bags trap moisture, creating a humid environment that promotes rotting and sprouting. Instead, transfer your potatoes to a mesh bag, a paper bag, or an open basket.
- Avoid crowding: Make sure there's enough airflow around the potatoes. Overcrowding can prevent proper ventilation and lead to moisture buildup.
The Apple Trick: Is it a Myth?
For years, a popular kitchen hack suggested storing an apple with potatoes to prevent sprouting. The theory is that apples release ethylene gas, a hormone that can inhibit sprouting in some conditions. While some anecdotal evidence supports this, a study referenced by Allrecipes found that the results can vary significantly depending on the potato variety, storage conditions, and the amount of gas released by the apple. A controlled environment is key for this method to be truly effective. The primary, most reliable method remains maintaining a cool, dark, and well-ventilated space.
The Problem with Pantry Neighbors
Not all pantry items are friendly companions for potatoes. Certain fruits and vegetables can actually accelerate the sprouting process, making separation critical for long-term freshness.
- Onions: The ethylene gas released by onions is a primary trigger for potatoes to sprout. Store onions and potatoes in separate, well-ventilated locations.
- Other high-ethylene producers: Similarly, keep potatoes away from fruits like apples, bananas, and avocados, which also release ethylene gas.
What to Do with Sprouted Potatoes
If you find your potatoes have started sprouting, don't immediately toss them out. Assess their condition to determine if they are still safe to eat.
Steps for Dealing with Sprouts
- Cut off the sprouts: Small, localized sprouts can be removed easily with a paring knife or a vegetable peeler's "eye" scoop.
- Check for firmness: If the potato is still firm to the touch, it is likely safe to eat after removing the sprouts and any green areas.
- Inspect for greening: If the potato skin has turned green, it contains elevated levels of solanine. If the greening is light, you can peel it away. If it's extensive, it's safer to discard the potato.
- Discard soft or shriveled potatoes: A potato that is soft, wrinkled, or smells off is past its prime and should be thrown away.
Conclusion: Mastering the Art of Potato Storage
Preventing potatoes from sprouting boils down to understanding their fundamental needs: a cool, dark, and well-ventilated environment. By avoiding refrigeration, keeping them away from ethylene-releasing produce like onions, and ensuring proper airflow in a breathable container, you can significantly extend their shelf life. Regular inspection is also key, allowing you to catch any premature sprouting or spoilage before it affects the entire batch. While kitchen tricks like adding an apple might offer a small benefit, they are no substitute for proper, controlled storage. By following these best practices, you can enjoy your favorite potato dishes for weeks or even months to come, reducing food waste and saving money.
| Storage Method | Best For | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cool, Dark Pantry | Long-term storage (1-2 months) | Extends shelf life significantly, maintains flavor and texture | Requires appropriate pantry space away from heat and light |
| Mesh or Paper Bag | Improved ventilation for any location | Prevents moisture buildup, allows breathability | Less effective in warm or humid kitchens |
| With an Apple | A simple, low-effort hack | May help slow sprouting in ideal conditions | Unreliable results, not a primary solution |
| Away from Onions | All storage scenarios | Prevents accelerated ripening due to ethylene gas | Requires separate storage space for different produce |
| Refrigeration | Cut or cooked potatoes | Extends life of prepped potatoes | Not suitable for raw potatoes; affects flavor and color |
Frequently Asked Questions
Question: Why can't I store potatoes in the refrigerator? Answer: Storing raw potatoes in the refrigerator converts the starches into sugars, which can cause a sweet flavor and darker color when cooked. It also increases the potential formation of acrylamide during high-heat cooking.
Question: Is it true that storing an apple with potatoes stops them from sprouting? Answer: This method is not consistently reliable. While apples do release ethylene gas, which can inhibit sprouting, the effect is inconsistent under typical household conditions and is not as effective as proper temperature and light control.
Question: Can I eat a potato that has turned green? Answer: Green potato skin indicates the presence of solanine, a mild toxin. If the greening is minor, you can peel it away completely. However, if the potato is extensively green, soft, or shriveled, it's safest to discard it.
Question: What is the ideal temperature for storing potatoes to prevent sprouting? Answer: A cool temperature between 45–55°F (7–13°C) is ideal for preventing sprouting. This is warmer than a refrigerator but cooler than a typical kitchen countertop during summer.
Question: Why shouldn't I store potatoes and onions together? Answer: Onions release ethylene gas, a natural ripening agent that can cause potatoes to sprout more quickly. For maximum shelf life, always store them separately.
Question: What's the best container for storing potatoes? Answer: A breathable container like a mesh or paper bag, an open basket, or a wooden crate is best. These options allow for proper air circulation, which prevents moisture buildup that causes sprouting and rot.
Question: How long can I expect my potatoes to last with proper storage? Answer: In a cool, dark, and dry place with good ventilation, potatoes can last for up to a few months. At room temperature, their shelf life is typically reduced to 1–2 weeks before they begin to sprout.
