Is Greek Feta Cheese Dairy? Unpacking the Mediterranean Staple

Made from sheep and goat's milk, traditional Greek feta is, without a doubt, a dairy product. This tangy, crumbly cheese has a protected designation of origin (PDO) status, meaning only specific cheese made in certain regions of Greece can bear the name 'feta'.

Quick Summary

This guide explains why genuine Greek feta is a dairy product, detailing its production process and milk sources. It addresses the common confusion regarding feta and lactose intolerance, clarifies the difference between authentic Greek feta and non-PDO versions, and outlines why it remains a popular choice for many cheese lovers.

Key Points

• Authentic Greek Feta is Dairy: Traditional Greek feta is made from sheep's milk or a mixture of sheep's and goat's milk, making it a dairy product.

• Low in Lactose: Due to fermentation and brining, feta has a significantly lower lactose content than milk, which makes it tolerable for some individuals with lactose intolerance.

• PDO Status Matters: The term 'feta' is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and applies only to cheese made in specific Greek regions using defined methods; other products are 'feta-style'.

• Milk Source Defines Flavor: Authentic Greek feta's distinctive tangy and salty flavor comes from the specific milk of native sheep and goats.

• Not Suitable for Severe Intolerance: While low in lactose, feta is not lactose-free and may still cause issues for those with severe lactose intolerance.

• Feta-Style Variations: Non-PDO 'feta' can be made from cow's milk or other blends, resulting in a milder flavor and different texture.

What is Authentic Greek Feta Made Of?

Authentic Greek feta is defined by strict European Union regulations under its Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status. This means that for a cheese to be called 'feta,' it must be produced exclusively in certain areas of Greece using traditional methods. The milk is the key distinguishing factor.

• Milk Source: True feta is made from 100% sheep's milk or a combination of sheep's milk and up to 30% goat's milk. The sheep and goats must be from native Greek breeds and must feed on the specific flora of the Greek regions where feta is produced, which contributes to the cheese's unique flavor. Cow's milk is strictly prohibited in the production of PDO feta.
• Production Process: The process involves coagulating the milk with rennet, separating the curds from the whey, and pressing the curds into molds. The cheese is then salted and aged in brine for a minimum of two months, which gives feta its signature salty and tangy taste.

Feta and Lactose Intolerance: A Complex Relationship

While feta is undeniably a dairy product, its low lactose content can make it more digestible for some people with lactose intolerance. This is due to the fermentation and aging process.

How is Feta's Lactose Content Reduced?

1. Bacterial Action: During fermentation, the bacterial cultures added to the milk consume the lactose, converting it into lactic acid.
2. Whey Removal: The whey, which contains a high concentration of lactose, is drained away from the solid curds.
3. Aging Process: As feta ages in brine for at least two months, the remaining lactose continues to be broken down, further reducing its levels.

Feta typically contains around 1-2 grams of lactose per 100 grams, significantly less than milk. However, individual tolerance varies. Those with severe intolerance may still experience symptoms, and consulting a healthcare professional is always recommended. For very sensitive individuals, lactose-free feta options, made with the addition of the enzyme lactase, are also available.

Authentic Greek Feta vs. Non-Greek "Feta-Style" Cheeses

Not all white, crumbly cheeses marketed as 'feta' are the same. The PDO status for Greek feta protects its authenticity and distinct production methods. Cheeses produced outside the designated Greek regions must use different names, often labeled as 'feta-style' or 'white cheese'.

Comparison Table: Greek Feta vs. Feta-Style Cheese

Feature	Authentic Greek PDO Feta	Feta-Style Cheese (e.g., USA, Denmark)
Milk Source	Exclusively sheep's milk, or sheep's milk blended with up to 30% goat's milk.	Can be made from cow's milk, goat's milk, or a blend of different milks.
Flavor Profile	Distinctly tangy, salty, and savory, with a slight peppery note from the native flora.	Often milder, less tangy, and sometimes creamier, depending on the milk used.
Texture	Crumbly and firm, with a creamy mouthfeel.	Can vary from firm and crumbly to softer and less textured.
Aging	Ripened in brine for a minimum of two months.	Aging process and duration can vary significantly.
Protected Status	Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), meaning its name is legally restricted to certain Greek regions.	No protected status; can be produced anywhere and variations are common.

Conclusion

To answer the question, "Is Greek feta cheese dairy?"—yes, absolutely. Authentic Greek feta is a dairy product, traditionally crafted from sheep's and goat's milk under strict Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) guidelines. This distinguishes it from other 'feta-style' cheeses on the market that may use cow's milk and different production methods. Despite being a dairy product, feta's aging process naturally reduces its lactose content, making it an option for some individuals with lactose intolerance, though it is not completely lactose-free. Its unique tangy flavor and crumbly texture, developed over centuries of tradition, solidify its status as a cornerstone of Greek and Mediterranean cuisine.

References

• Odysea: Feta, the most popular Greek cheese. https://www.odysea.com/2021/04/why-is-feta-special/
• Arla Foods: Is feta cheese lactose-free? https://www.arlafoods.co.uk/brands/lactofree/all-articles/is-feta-cheese-lactose-free/
• European Commission: Feta PDO. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/farming/geographical-indications-and-quality-schemes/geographical-indications-food-and-drink/feta-pdo_en
• WebMD: Is Feta Cheese Good for Your Health? https://www.webmd.com/diet/feta-cheese-is-it-good-for-you
• Cheese.com: What is Feta Cheese and Is Feta Good For You? https://www.cheese.com/feta/

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Greek feta and feta-style cheese?

Authentic Greek feta is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product, exclusively made in certain regions of Greece using sheep's or a combination of sheep's and goat's milk. Feta-style cheeses are made outside these regions, often using cow's milk, and therefore have a different flavor and texture.

Can people with lactose intolerance eat feta cheese?

Many people with lactose intolerance can tolerate feta cheese because its fermentation and aging process significantly reduce its lactose content. However, individual tolerance varies, and it is not completely lactose-free.

What kind of milk is used to make authentic feta cheese?

Authentic, PDO-certified Greek feta is made from 100% sheep's milk or a mix of up to 30% goat's milk and the rest sheep's milk. Cow's milk is prohibited.

Is feta cheese high in lactose?

No, feta is relatively low in lactose compared to many other dairy products. The fermentation process breaks down much of the lactose into lactic acid.

What gives feta cheese its salty flavor?

Feta gets its distinct salty flavor from being aged and stored in brine for an extended period, typically at least two months.

Can vegans eat feta cheese?

No, traditional feta is a dairy product and is not suitable for vegans. However, many vegan alternatives are available, often made from nuts or other plant-based ingredients.

What is the primary nutritional benefit of feta cheese?

Feta cheese is a good source of protein and calcium, which are important for muscle growth and bone health. It also contains probiotics that can benefit gut health.