More than a soothing candy: The active ingredients at high doses
Cough drops are often perceived as harmless, candy-like treats for a sore throat, but they contain active ingredients designed to be used in moderation. When you consume a significant number, you are also ingesting a large amount of these medicinal components, which can overwhelm your system and lead to adverse effects. Understanding what's inside is the first step to understanding the risks of overconsumption.
Menthol and its side effects
Many cough drops rely on menthol, a compound from mint plants, to create a cooling sensation that temporarily soothes a cough or sore throat. However, in large doses, menthol can become an irritant.
- It can irritate the vocal cords, which is counterproductive for a sore throat.
- Overconsumption has been linked to stomach pain, nausea, dizziness, and headaches.
- In extremely rare but documented cases involving prolonged, heavy use, menthol toxicity has caused severe issues like muscle weakness and confusion.
The issue with sugar and sugar alcohols
Most conventional cough drops are made with a sugar base. Regularly consuming many of these throughout the day and night can have several negative health consequences.
- Oral Health: The constant exposure to sugar creates an ideal environment for bacteria to cause tooth decay and cavities. This is especially true at night when saliva flow, which naturally cleanses the mouth, decreases.
- Blood Sugar: For individuals with diabetes, the high sugar content can cause unwelcome spikes in blood sugar levels.
- Weight Gain: The calories from excess sugar can contribute to unintended weight gain over time.
For those who turn to sugar-free varieties, there is another pitfall. Sugar alcohols like sorbitol are often used as sweeteners, and consuming too much can have a pronounced laxative effect. This can cause a range of digestive issues, including:
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Gas and bloating
The dangers of medicated cough drops
Some cough drops contain stronger medications than just menthol. Products containing dextromethorphan (DXM) are especially concerning for abuse and overdose. DXM is a powerful cough suppressant that affects the central nervous system. When taken in high doses, often by teenagers and young adults seeking psychoactive effects, it can be extremely dangerous.
Symptoms of dextromethorphan (DXM) toxicity
Overdosing on DXM from cough drops can lead to a variety of severe symptoms:
- Drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision
- Hallucinations and disorientation
- Rapid heart rate and high blood pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- In severe cases, seizures, respiratory depression, and coma.
The comparison: Sugar vs. Sugar-Free Cough Drops
Choosing between sugary and sugar-free cough drops can be a decision between two different sets of risks, especially when consumed in excess. Here is a comparison to help understand the trade-offs:
| Feature | Sugary Cough Drops | Sugar-Free Cough Drops |
|---|---|---|
| Main Sweetener | Sucrose, corn syrup, etc. | Sugar alcohols like sorbitol |
| Primary Risk | Dental decay, blood sugar spikes, weight gain | Laxative effect, digestive upset |
| Oral Health Impact | High risk of cavities with frequent use | Generally lower risk, but sorbitol can harm tooth enamel if acidic |
| Digestive Issues | Upset stomach, especially in high quantity | Mild to severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas |
| Effect on Blood Sugar | Significant impact, can cause spikes | Typically minimal, safer for diabetics in moderation |
| Best For | Occasional, short-term use, prioritizing taste | People with diabetes or focusing on oral health, adhering strictly to dosage |
Conclusion: Moderation is key
While the thought of eating a lot of cough drops might seem appealing for quick relief, the potential side effects outweigh the temporary comfort. From digestive distress caused by sugar or sorbitol to the more serious risks of over-ingesting active ingredients like menthol or DXM, overconsumption is a clear health concern. The best approach is always to follow the dosage instructions on the packaging and treat them as a medication, not a candy. If your cough or sore throat symptoms persist, consult a healthcare professional instead of reaching for another handful of lozenges.
When to see a doctor
If you experience any severe symptoms after consuming cough drops, such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, or extreme dizziness, seek immediate medical attention. Persistent or worsening symptoms after several days of using cough drops also warrant a consultation with a healthcare provider. For more information on safely managing cold and flu symptoms, the American Lung Association provides extensive resources on their website.
