What kind of clover are we talking about?
First, it's essential to differentiate between the common backyard clover (a plant) and the aromatic spice called clove. The practice of chewing the clove spice has different implications than chewing the clover plant. When discussing the plant, common varieties include white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense), both of which are considered edible in moderation.
The nutritional and traditional uses
In small amounts, clover contains some beneficial compounds, though chewing it daily is not a practical or safe way to obtain significant nutrition.
- White Clover: Contains vitamins A, C, B2, and E, along with minerals like magnesium and calcium. Traditionally, infusions have been used for colds, coughs, and as an antiseptic.
- Red Clover: A more potent source of plant compounds, particularly isoflavones, which are phytoestrogens (plant-based compounds that mimic estrogen). It is often used in herbal medicine to treat menopausal symptoms, improve bone health, and support heart health, though research is mixed.
The risks of daily consumption
Chewing clover every day can be dangerous and lead to several health issues due to the accumulation of certain compounds and other potential side effects. The following are key risks to consider.
Bloating and digestive upset
Consuming large quantities of clover, particularly uncooked, can cause significant bloating and gas in humans, similar to its effect on livestock. A daily habit could lead to chronic gastrointestinal discomfort.
Cyanogenic glucosides
Some varieties of white clover produce cyanogenic glucosides, which release small amounts of hydrogen cyanide when the plant is crushed or chewed. While generally not deadly in small doses, particularly in warmer climates where the gene is more active, it can cause lethargy and make one feel unwell over time.
Hormonal disruption
Red clover contains concentrated levels of isoflavones, which can have estrogen-like effects on the body. Consistent, daily intake could potentially disrupt hormone balance, especially in women, leading to side effects like vaginal spotting and prolonged menstruation. This is of particular concern for individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions like breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer.
Anticoagulant properties and blood thinning
Some clovers contain coumarins. When improperly stored and left to mold, sweet clover produces dicumarol, a potent anticoagulant. While the risk from fresh chewing is much lower, some compounds can still interfere with blood clotting. This is a significant risk for anyone taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.
Contamination from the environment
Foraging plants from yards or urban areas poses a high risk of contamination from pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. Daily consumption increases exposure to these harmful chemicals. Only forage from known, clean sources, free from any chemical treatments.
Comparison: Chewing Clover vs. Chewing Clove
| Feature | Chewing Clover (Plant) | Chewing Clove (Spice) |
|---|---|---|
| Risks of Daily Intake | High risk of bloating, potential toxin accumulation (cyanide), hormonal disruption (red clover), blood thinning, and chemical contamination. | Moderate risk; excessive intake can cause liver damage (due to eugenol), digestive upset, and dangerously thin blood if taken with blood-thinning medication. |
| Benefits (in moderation) | Small amounts offer minimal nutrition; traditional uses (often tea) for colds, skin issues, and potentially menopause symptoms. | Strong antimicrobial properties for oral health, rich in antioxidants, aids digestion, and may help regulate blood sugar. |
| Primary Active Compounds | Cyanogenic glucosides, phytoestrogens (isoflavones), saponins, and other phytochemicals. | Eugenol (antimicrobial, antioxidant), flavonoids, and other antioxidants. |
| Safety Considerations | Foraging location is critical due to pesticide/herbicide risk. Individuals with hormone sensitivities or on blood thinners should avoid red clover. | Consume in small amounts. Avoid if pregnant or on blood thinners. Exercise caution with pre-existing liver conditions. |
Conclusion: A word of caution for enthusiasts
While chewing a small, clean piece of clover infrequently is unlikely to cause harm for most healthy adults, turning it into a daily practice is ill-advised. The risks associated with daily, unchecked consumption, such as bloating, potential toxin accumulation from certain species, hormonal disruption (particularly from red clover), and the danger of pesticide contamination, outweigh the minimal nutritional benefits.
For those interested in the potential health benefits of clover, the safest approach is to use it as an occasional culinary addition, such as a garnish or tea brewed from clean, dried blossoms. Always practice safe foraging away from roadsides and chemically treated lawns and consult a healthcare provider before using it for medicinal purposes, especially if you are on medication or have underlying health conditions.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making dietary changes or using herbal remedies.
Proper foraging and preparation techniques
Foraging for any wild edible requires knowledge and safety measures to prevent accidental poisoning or chemical ingestion. Before consuming clover, take these steps:
- Confirm identification: Accurately identify the clover species you intend to eat. Not all clover-like plants are safe. Learn the differences between edible white/red clover and other lookalikes, like wood sorrel.
- Choose a clean location: Forage only from areas far away from roads, industrial sites, and conventional lawns that may use pesticides or herbicides. Contaminated plants can make you very sick.
- Wash thoroughly: Always wash fresh clover thoroughly to remove dirt and insects.
- Start with small amounts: If you do choose to eat it, begin with very small quantities to see how your body reacts. Stop immediately if you experience any adverse effects.
Important considerations for at-risk individuals
Some people should avoid consuming clover altogether, even in small amounts, due to specific health concerns:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women: Red clover's phytoestrogens can affect hormone balance and are considered potentially unsafe for pregnant or nursing women.
- Individuals on blood thinners: Red and white clover can have blood-thinning properties and should be avoided by anyone taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
- Hormone-sensitive cancer patients: The estrogenic activity of red clover poses a risk for people with a history of breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer.
- Children under 12: Safety data is lacking for children, and they should avoid consuming clover.
- Those with pre-existing liver disease: Concentrated doses of some compounds could pose risks, similar to excessive clove consumption.
Conclusion
While the humble clover is edible and has a place in traditional remedies, the answer to 'Is it healthy to chew clover every day?' is a clear no. The potential for side effects, including digestive issues, hormonal disruptions from red clover, and the risks of environmental contamination and accidental poisoning, makes daily consumption an unwise practice. Stick to occasional, small amounts from a clean source, or opt for safer alternatives like dried blossoms for tea if you wish to explore its benefits. Always prioritize safety and consult a healthcare professional before incorporating any wild plant into your diet regularly.
