Nutrition Diet: Do M&Ms have red dye?

October 19, 2025 •

3 min read

While red M&Ms were famously removed from production between 1976 and 1987 due to consumer fears over a different red dye (Red No. 2), U.S.-marketed M&M's do currently contain red dye in the form of Red 40. This decision was a strategic move by Mars to avoid confusion, even though their product never used the controversial dye.

Quick Summary

An examination of M&M's ingredients and the history of its colored shells. It clarifies that American versions contain Red 40, unlike European products which use natural colorings, and discusses the ongoing debate and health considerations surrounding artificial food dyes.

Key Points

US M&M's Contain Red 40: Contrary to a 1970s misconception, American M&M's currently use the artificial dye Red 40.
Europe Uses Natural Dyes: M&M's sold in Europe are made with natural colorings like carmine due to stricter regulations.
Dye Removed in 1976 (Not Because of Red #2): Red M&M's disappeared temporarily in 1976 because of public fear over Red Dye #2, a dye that was never actually used in M&M's.
Behavioral Concerns Exist: Some studies link artificial dyes like Red 40 to hyperactivity in children, though the FDA has not found conclusive evidence.
Read Labels and Seek Alternatives: Checking food labels for Red 40 (or its E-number) and opting for snacks with natural colorings or whole foods are healthy choices.
FDA Plan to Phase Out Dyes: The FDA has announced plans to transition away from artificial food dyes in the U.S. by the end of 2026.

Unpacking the Coloring: Why American M&M's Contain Red Dye

The absence of red M&M's from 1976 to 1987 led to public confusion and speculation. The removal was a precautionary measure by Mars due to public concern about Red Dye No. 2, which was banned by the FDA, even though M&M's did not contain this particular dye. Today, red M&M's are back, and those sold in the U.S. use Red 40, a petroleum-derived artificial coloring. In contrast, M&M's in Europe typically use natural colorings such as carmine, derived from cochineal insects. This difference highlights varying global approaches to regulating food additives.

The Controversy Over Artificial Dyes

Artificial food dyes like Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6 are debated regarding their potential health effects, particularly on children's behavior. The FDA considers approved color additives safe when used as regulated, but some studies and critics express concern.

Potential Health Concerns

Hyperactivity in Children: Some research suggests a link between artificial food dyes and increased hyperactivity in certain children. A study by California's OEHHA found an association between food dye consumption and behavioral issues.
Allergic Reactions: Synthetic dyes can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, with symptoms ranging from hives to respiratory problems.
Other Concerns: Animal studies have raised questions about carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and inflammation related to certain dyes, but more research is needed to understand the implications for human health.

The EU vs. US Approach

The EU takes a more cautious approach to artificial food colorings. Products with certain dyes like Red 40 require a warning label about potential adverse effects on children's activity and attention. This has led many companies, including Mars, to use natural colorings for the European market. The FDA also plans to phase out artificial food dyes in the U.S. by 2027, starting in 2025.

Reading Labels and Making Informed Choices

To avoid artificial food dyes, it's important to read food labels carefully. Artificial colorings are usually listed by name (e.g., Red 40) or E-number in Europe (e.g., E129). Understanding these labels helps in making informed decisions about food choices.

How to identify artificial dyes

Look for names like “Red 40,” “Blue 1,” “Yellow 5,” or their “Lake” forms in the ingredient list.
In Europe, check for E-numbers such as E129.
Be aware that even foods that don't appear brightly colored can contain these dyes.
Ingredient lists can vary by region, so always check the label where you are purchasing the product.

Comparison of M&M Ingredients: US vs. Europe


Feature	US M&M's	European M&M's
Red Coloring	Red 40 Lake, Red 40	Carmine (E120), Beetroot Concentrate
Other Dyes	Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2	E100, E132, E133, E160a, E160e, E163, etc., many natural
Flavor	May contain artificial flavor	May contain flavorings
Regulatory Requirement	No warning label required on packaging	Warning label required on products containing certain synthetic dyes
Consumer Perception	High reliance on artificial additives	Stronger market trend towards natural additives

Finding Healthier Alternatives

While M&M's can be enjoyed in moderation, a diet centered on whole foods is important for good nutrition. There are many naturally colored and healthier alternatives for sweets.

Dark Chocolate: Offers a rich taste and contains antioxidants.
Fresh Fruit: A natural source of sweetness, vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Dried Fruit: A convenient and nutritious sweet snack.
Fruit-based Gummies: Some brands offer gummies made with fruit puree and without artificial dyes.
YumEarth or Black Forest Candies: These brands are known for using natural colors and flavors.

Choosing healthier options doesn't mean completely avoiding treats. The goal is mindful consumption and balancing processed foods with nutritious whole foods. Reading labels and understanding ingredients, especially regarding artificial dyes, helps in making informed dietary choices. A potential shift away from synthetic dyes in the U.S., with the FDA's planned phase-out by the end of 2026, could offer more alignment with global standards.

Conclusion: Navigating a Colorful Conundrum

The presence of red dye in M&M's is part of a larger discussion about food safety, global regulations, and consumer choices. While U.S. red M&M's contain Red 40, the history and differing regulations in the U.S. and Europe highlight the complexities of food additive policies. Understanding these differences allows health-conscious consumers to make informed decisions. Being aware of artificial dyes and considering natural alternatives supports responsible treat consumption and a focus on whole foods. The planned phase-out of artificial dyes in the U.S. suggests a future with more transparency and potential alignment with international standards.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, M&M's sold in the United States contain Red 40, an artificial color. However, their European counterparts use natural colorings instead.

Red M&M's were removed in 1976 due to public fear surrounding a different, unrelated dye, Red Dye #2, which had been banned by the FDA. Mars acted out of caution despite never using Red #2 in its M&M's.

While the specific dyes used in the U.S. are not banned outright, European regulations are stricter. The EU requires a warning label on products containing certain artificial dyes, leading manufacturers to use natural alternatives for the European market.

The red dye used in U.S. M&M's is Red 40, also known as Allura Red AC. It is a synthetic food coloring approved by the FDA.

Some studies suggest a link between artificial food dyes, including Red 40, and behavioral issues like hyperactivity in sensitive children. Allergic reactions are also possible, though the FDA deems them safe for general consumption.

The consensus is that artificial food dyes do not cause ADHD, but some research suggests they can exacerbate symptoms in certain children who are already diagnosed with or sensitive to the condition.

Healthier alternatives include dark chocolate, fresh or dried fruit, and snacks from brands like YumEarth that use natural food colorings.

Yes, the FDA announced in April 2025 plans to phase out all artificial food dyes in the US food supply by the end of 2026, though some companies like Mars had previously made and later walked back similar commitments.