Nutritional Analysis: How Many Calories Are Really in a Placenta?
For those considering placentophagy—the practice of ingesting one's own placenta after childbirth—the question of its nutritional contribution often arises. Scientific studies have provided some answers regarding the basic composition of this temporary organ. Research published in the journal Placenta found that a representative 450-gram placenta contains an average of 234 calories. This makes the placenta comparable to a modest serving of protein, but far from a dietary superfood capable of significantly replenishing a mother’s energy stores.
Placenta Macronutrient and Micronutrient Profile
Beyond just the calorie count, the placenta contains a mix of macronutrients and a notable array of micronutrients. According to a study in Nutritional Composition and Heavy Metal Content of the Human Placenta, a 100-gram homogenate of placenta tissue contained 52 kilocalories, 10.64 grams of protein, and 0.81 grams of total fat. While these numbers can vary based on individual factors, they provide a snapshot of its general composition. Furthermore, the placenta is a source of essential minerals like iron, selenium, calcium, and zinc, as well as B vitamins.
It is crucial to understand that processing methods like encapsulation can significantly alter this profile. The steaming and dehydration process used for encapsulation have been shown to reduce hormone concentrations and may impact nutrient content. Therefore, comparing the nutritional value of a raw placenta to that of a processed capsule is essential.
The Science Behind Placentophagy: Evaluating Claimed Benefits
Proponents of placentophagy often cite a number of anecdotal benefits, from combating postpartum depression and fatigue to boosting milk supply and speeding recovery. However, a growing body of scientific literature directly contradicts these claims, citing a lack of robust evidence. A study published by Northwestern University found no evidence that eating the placenta offers health benefits. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study on postpartum iron status showed no significant positive or negative effect from consuming placenta capsules. The reported improvements are largely attributed to the placebo effect.
Popular Anecdotal Claims vs. Scientific Reality
- Increased Milk Supply: While some women report higher milk production, scientific studies, like the placebo-controlled trial in 2017, found no significant difference in lactation outcomes between women who consumed placenta capsules and those who didn't. Historical reports suggesting a positive effect were not based on modern scientific methodology.
- Reduced Postpartum Depression: Placentophagy advocates suggest hormone replenishment helps stabilize mood. However, studies investigating the effects on mood, bonding, and fatigue have shown no significant changes. The dramatic hormone withdrawal after birth is a complex process, and the hormones in processed placenta may not be biologically available in effective amounts.
- Replenished Iron Stores: It is often claimed that the placenta's iron content can prevent postpartum anemia. Yet, research has shown that the amount of iron in typical encapsulated doses is inadequate to meaningfully affect maternal iron levels. A healthy diet and medical-grade iron supplements are more effective methods for managing anemia.
The Real Risks: A Closer Look at Placenta Ingestion
While the promised benefits lack scientific backing, the risks associated with placentophagy are well-documented and serious. The human placenta is a biological material capable of containing and transmitting infectious agents, including bacteria and viruses. The practice is largely unregulated, and proper storage and preparation are not guaranteed, increasing the risk of contamination.
Contamination and Infection Hazards
A notable risk was highlighted in a case reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), where a newborn developed a life-threatening Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection. The mother had been consuming placenta capsules, which later tested positive for the bacteria. The CDC now advises against the practice, especially when breastfeeding, due to the risk of transmitting the infection to the infant.
Processing Methods and Heavy Metals
While processing, such as steaming and dehydrating, can reduce bacterial contamination, it does not eliminate the risk entirely. Furthermore, the placenta acts as a filter during pregnancy, and some studies have detected low levels of heavy metals like lead and cadmium in placental tissue, particularly in smokers. Though often below toxicity thresholds, the presence of these substances is a concern, especially when the substance is deliberately ingested.
Making an Informed Decision
Given the lack of scientific evidence for benefits and the clear potential for harm, most healthcare professionals advise caution regarding placentophagy. The practice remains a matter of personal choice, but it is one that requires careful consideration of the risks versus the unproven rewards.
Instead of relying on the unproven benefits of placentophagy, new mothers can focus on established, evidence-based strategies for postpartum wellness, such as a balanced diet rich in iron and other nutrients, adequate rest, and seeking support from healthcare providers for any signs of mood disorders or other health concerns. Consulting with a doctor or a registered dietitian is the safest approach to ensure a healthy recovery.
Placenta Composition Comparison: Raw vs. Encapsulated
| Nutrient | Typical Raw Placenta (per 450g) | Typical Encapsulated Placenta (Daily Dose) |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | ~234 kcal | ~30 kcal (based on 3g/day, 10 kcal/capsule) |
| Protein | ~48 g | Trace amounts (dehydration reduces bioavailability) |
| Fat | ~4 g | Trace amounts (dehydration reduces bioavailability) |
| Iron | High concentration initially | Inadequate for iron deficiency treatment |
| Selenium | High concentration initially | Significantly reduced after processing |
| Hormones | High levels of progesterone, estrogen, oxytocin | Low levels, most not biologically available orally |
| Heavy Metals | Filtered from maternal blood | Present in small amounts |
| Bacteria | Potentially present (not sterile) | Risk of contamination remains |
Conclusion: Weighing Risk Against No Proven Benefit
In summary, the answer to how many calories does a placenta have? is a modest amount, but this figure is only a small part of a larger, more complex issue. Placentophagy is a controversial practice with no strong scientific evidence supporting its claimed benefits. Anecdotal reports of improved mood, energy, and milk supply are not supported by rigorous studies, and the bioavailability of nutrients and hormones is compromised by processing. Conversely, there are documented health risks, including bacterial and viral contamination, especially when preparation is unregulated. For new mothers seeking optimal nutrition and recovery, relying on evidence-based strategies and consulting with a trusted healthcare provider for mood support or nutrient supplementation is a safer and more effective course of action than consuming the placenta. For more information, please consult a trusted medical resource like the Mayo Clinic to discuss proven ways to support postpartum health.
