Understanding Forever Chemicals (PFAS)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are a group of synthetic chemicals used in various consumer and industrial products since the 1940s, including non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foam. The powerful carbon-fluorine bond in these chemicals makes them extremely durable and resistant to degradation, which is why they are called “forever chemicals”. This persistence means they can accumulate in the environment, polluting soil, air, and water supplies. From there, they can enter the food chain and end up in the human bloodstream.
The Health Implications of PFAS Exposure
Long-term exposure to PFAS, even at very low concentrations, has been linked to a range of potential health concerns. Research is ongoing, but studies have identified associations between PFAS and health issues, including:
- Endocrine Disruption: PFAS can interfere with hormone activity, potentially affecting fertility, thyroid function, and fetal development.
- Immune System Impact: Some studies show a link between PFAS exposure and a decreased response to vaccines in children and infants.
- Increased Cancer Risk: Certain PFAS compounds have been linked to an increased risk of specific cancers, such as kidney and testicular cancer.
- Liver Disease: Liver function can be impacted by prolonged PFAS exposure.
Purified vs. Spring Water: A Key Distinction
Not all bottled water is created equal, and the source and purification method are the most important factors for minimizing PFAS exposure.
- Purified Water: This type of bottled water is sourced from a public water supply but then treated through a rigorous purification process, often including reverse osmosis (RO). The RO process uses a semi-permeable membrane with tiny pores to block contaminants like PFAS, resulting in a cleaner product. Consequently, research consistently shows that purified bottled water contains significantly less PFAS than spring water. Brands like Aquafina, Dasani, and Kirkland Signature are examples of purified water.
- Spring Water: This water comes from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface. While it is filtered to remove bacteria, it typically retains natural minerals and any contaminants present in the source water. This makes it more susceptible to containing higher levels of PFAS, as the chemical can leach into natural water sources. Brands like Deer Park have previously shown detectable PFAS levels above 1 part per trillion.
What Bottled Water Has No Forever Chemicals?
It is nearly impossible to guarantee that any product is completely free of contaminants, but some bottled waters consistently test at or below the lowest detectable limits for PFAS. Based on various studies and reports, including independent lab tests and brand information, the following brands have been cited as having very low or non-detectable levels of PFAS. This information can fluctuate, so always check recent reports and brand statements.
- Purified Water Brands: As discussed, brands using reverse osmosis are generally the safest bet. Look for “purified” water on the label. Examples include:
- Aquafina
- Dasani
- Kirkland Signature (Costco Purified Water)
- Nestlé Pure Life
- Smartwater
- Spring Water Brands with Low/Non-detectable PFAS: Some spring water brands are known for their particularly pristine sources and have tested low for PFAS. Look for brands bottled in glass to avoid microplastics.
- Mountain Valley Spring Water
- Evian
- Saratoga
- Arrowhead Spring Water
- Hallstein
The Problem of Microplastics in Bottled Water
Beyond PFAS, plastic bottled water presents another contamination concern: microplastics. Research has shown that almost all bottled water in plastic containers contains microplastic particles, often at levels 60 times higher than tap water. A significant source is the friction caused by screwing and unscrewing the plastic cap. While glass bottles eliminate this specific source, they can still be contaminated from the environment or manufacturing process. Reusable stainless steel or glass bottles are often recommended as a safer, more sustainable alternative.
Comparison of Water Options for PFAS and Microplastics
| Water Type | Source & Processing | PFAS Level | Microplastic Risk | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purified Bottled Water | Often municipal source, filtered by reverse osmosis | Very Low | High (if in plastic) | Convenience, low PFAS if plastic is not a concern |
| Natural Spring Water | Natural underground spring, minimal filtration | Varies (Can be higher) | High (if in plastic) | Mineral content (if tested low for PFAS) |
| Tap Water (Unfiltered) | Municipal supply, varies by location | Can be high | Very Low | Most affordable option, but requires filtering |
| Tap Water (RO Filtered) | Municipal supply, filtered at home | Very Low | Non-existent | Highest purity, most control over contaminants |
| Glass Bottled Water | Purified or Spring Water | Low to Very Low | Very Low | Avoiding microplastics, retaining minerals |
Reliable Alternatives: Home Water Filtration
For those seeking the highest level of control and purity, a home water filtration system is the most reliable option. Two of the most effective methods for PFAS removal are reverse osmosis and activated carbon filtration.
- Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems: RO systems are highly effective at removing PFAS and a wide range of other contaminants, sometimes removing up to 99%. They are available as point-of-use systems, typically installed under a sink. For consistent and comprehensive purification, RO remains a top choice.
- Activated Carbon Filters: These filters, which use granular activated carbon (GAC) or carbon blocks, are effective at adsorbing many PFAS compounds. They are a more affordable and widely available option, found in pitcher filters, faucet attachments, and whole-house systems. When using activated carbon filters, regular replacement is crucial to maintain effectiveness.
Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice for Cleaner Hydration
Determining what bottled water has no forever chemicals is challenging, as zero-detection is difficult to guarantee and test results can vary. For the lowest risk, choosing purified water that has been treated with reverse osmosis is a smart move, as this process effectively removes many PFAS compounds. To avoid microplastics, opting for glass-bottled water is preferable. Ultimately, for the greatest peace of mind and control over your water quality, investing in a reliable home water filtration system certified for PFAS removal provides the most effective solution for minimizing your exposure to forever chemicals.
Learn more about water contamination and solutions by visiting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency website.
Making an Informed Choice for Cleaner Hydration
Determining what bottled water has no forever chemicals is challenging, as zero-detection is difficult to guarantee and test results can vary. For the lowest risk, choosing purified water that has been treated with reverse osmosis is a smart move, as this process effectively removes many PFAS compounds. To avoid microplastics, opting for glass-bottled water is preferable. Ultimately, for the greatest peace of mind and control over your water quality, investing in a reliable home water filtration system certified for PFAS removal provides the most effective solution for minimizing your exposure to forever chemicals.
