Understanding the 15-15 Rule for Hypoglycemia
When your blood sugar drops too low (hypoglycemia), you need to act fast. The recommended protocol by the American Diabetes Association and other health organizations is the “15-15 rule”. This process is designed to raise blood glucose levels quickly and safely without causing an overcorrection that leads to high blood sugar. Here are the steps:
- Step 1: Consume 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate.
- Step 2: Wait 15 minutes, then recheck your blood sugar level.
- Step 3: If your blood sugar is still below 70 mg/dL, repeat the process by consuming another 15 grams of carbohydrates.
- Step 4: Repeat until your blood sugar is back in your target range. Once it has stabilized, eat a balanced snack or meal containing protein and carbohydrates to prevent another drop.
Fast-acting carbohydrates are those that are absorbed quickly by the body. This is why it's important to choose the right kind of food, and for many people, candy can be a very convenient option in a pinch. The key is to select candies without a high fat or protein content, as these can slow down the absorption of sugar.
The Best Candies for a Quick Blood Sugar Boost
For a hypoglycemic episode, the ideal candy is one made primarily of simple sugars like dextrose, which is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. These are often hard or chewy, fruit-flavored candies. Candies to consider for carrying with you as an emergency source of sugar include:
- Dextrose-Based Candies: Smarties, Sweet Tarts, Pixy Stix, and other candies listing dextrose or glucose syrup as a primary ingredient are excellent choices because of their speed.
- Gummy Candies: A handful of gummy bears (around 12) or jelly beans (around 6 large) can provide the necessary 15 grams of carbohydrates.
- Hard Candies: Plain, fruit-flavored hard candies like Life Savers (around 5) or gumdrops (around 5 small) are a good source of quick sugar.
- Chewy Candies: Options like Skittles (15 pieces) or Starbursts (4 pieces) can also be effective.
When using candy, always read the nutrition label to accurately determine how many pieces are needed to reach the 15-gram carbohydrate target. This helps prevent consuming too much sugar, which could cause a subsequent high blood sugar event.
Candies to Avoid During a Low
While most sugary candies can technically treat a low, certain types should be avoided during an emergency because they contain ingredients that slow down sugar absorption. For instance, candies with high fat content, like chocolate bars, are not a good choice. The fat in chocolate slows digestion, meaning the sugar won't raise your blood glucose as quickly as a simpler option. Similarly, candies with high fiber content can also delay the glucose absorption process.
Comparing Fast-Acting and Slow-Acting Sweets
| Feature | Best Emergency Candies | Candies to Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Key Ingredient | Simple sugars (dextrose, glucose) | High-fat ingredients (cocoa butter) or complex carbs |
| Speed of Absorption | Very fast; raises blood sugar in 5–15 minutes | Slow; fat and protein delay the process |
| Examples | Smarties, Gummy Bears, Skittles, Life Savers | Chocolate bars, chocolate candies with nuts, items high in fat/fiber |
| Nutritional Profile | Low in fat and protein | High in fat and can be higher in protein |
| Emergency Use | Recommended for quick treatment | Not recommended for rapid correction of low blood sugar |
Beyond Candy: Other Fast-Acting Carbs
If candy isn't available, or you prefer alternatives, several other fast-acting carbohydrate sources are equally effective in treating hypoglycemia. These include:
- Fruit Juice: 4 ounces (½ cup) of fruit juice, like apple or orange juice, provides about 15 grams of carbs.
- Regular Soda: 4-6 ounces (½ can) of regular soda (not diet) is another excellent option.
- Honey or Sugar: One tablespoon of honey or table sugar mixed in water delivers approximately 15 grams of carbs.
- Glucose Products: Medically-specific glucose tablets or gels are pre-measured to deliver 15 grams of glucose and are the most reliable option.
Preparing for Hypoglycemia: Staying Safe
Preparation is the most effective way to manage hypoglycemia and ensure you have the right tools on hand when you need them. Here are some preventative and preparatory steps:
- Always Carry Fast-Acting Carbs: Keep glucose tablets, gels, or a small roll of simple-sugar candies with you at all times, including in your car, gym bag, and bedside table.
- Know Your Target Range: Work with your healthcare team to establish your personal target blood glucose range and what constitutes a low for you.
- Monitor Regularly: Check your blood sugar as directed by your doctor, and if you experience symptoms, check immediately. If you exercise, monitoring before, during, and after can prevent lows.
- Educate Loved Ones: Teach family, friends, and coworkers how to recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia and what to do in case you are unable to treat yourself. This includes knowing where you keep your emergency glucagon kit if prescribed.
- Avoid Over-Treating: While tempting, consuming too much sugar can lead to high blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia. Stick to the 15-15 rule to avoid this rebound effect.
Conclusion: Informed Choices for Safe Blood Sugar Management
Knowing what candy to eat if blood sugar is low is more than a convenience; it is an important part of a safe hypoglycemia management plan. By prioritizing fast-acting, simple-sugar candies and avoiding high-fat or high-fiber options, you can effectively raise your blood glucose levels during an emergency. Always remember the 15-15 rule and be prepared with the right tools, whether it's candy, juice, or glucose tablets. For personalized advice, consult with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian to ensure your approach aligns with your specific health needs.
