Understanding the Types of Bottled Water
When it comes to bottled water, the label provides crucial information about its source and treatment. Brands like Mountain Valley and Fiji draw from natural underground sources, while others like Aquafina and Dasani begin with municipal tap water before processing. Making the right choice for your hydration needs starts with understanding these basic types.
Natural Spring Water
Sourced from a naturally flowing underground formation, spring water is collected either at the spring or from a borehole that taps into the underground source. Spring water contains naturally occurring minerals and, unlike purified water, is not subject to extensive processing. The mineral content and taste can vary significantly depending on the geography of the source. Brands like Mountain Valley Spring Water and Evian are well-known examples of this type.
Purified Water
Purified water starts from any source, including municipal tap water, and undergoes processes like distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis to remove impurities, chemicals, and contaminants. The result is almost pure H2O with a low concentration of dissolved solids (TDS). Some brands, like Dasani and Smartwater, add back a specific blend of electrolytes for taste. This water is a reliable choice for purity, especially where local tap water is a concern.
Alkaline Water
With a pH level generally higher than 7, alkaline water can be naturally sourced or artificially produced. Naturally alkaline water, like Icelandic Glacial, gets its high pH from passing through mineral-rich rocks. Artificially alkaline water is treated with electricity or mineral additives to raise its pH. While some claim health benefits like neutralizing body acid, many nutritionists argue that a healthy diet provides sufficient minerals, and the effect is minimal.
Mineral Water
Defined by the FDA as containing at least 250 parts per million (ppm) of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), mineral water is sourced from a protected underground spring. It is rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, which must be present at the source and not added later. This type often has a distinct taste profile due to its high mineral content. Brands such as S. Pellegrino and Gerolsteiner fall into this category.
Factors to Consider When Buying Bottled Water
To find your best option, consider these factors beyond just the type of water:
- Source: A protected, natural source may indicate fewer artificial processes, but purified water offers reliable contaminant removal.
- Mineral Content (TDS): Check the label for the TDS level. Higher TDS in mineral or spring water provides more minerals but may result in a stronger taste.
- pH Level: Choose a pH level that aligns with your preference. Alkaline water has a higher pH, while purified water is often mildly acidic.
- Packaging: The container material affects both taste and environmental impact. Glass and aluminum are safer and more sustainable choices than plastic, which can leach chemicals when exposed to heat.
- Sustainability: Many brands are now focused on reducing their carbon footprint through recycled or aluminum packaging. Consider these options if environmental impact is a concern.
- Taste: Taste is subjective and influenced by mineral content. A blind taste test can help you find your personal preference.
Bottled Water Comparison
| Feature | Natural Spring Water | Purified Water | Alkaline Water | Mineral Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Protected underground spring | Municipal water or spring | Treated or naturally occurring | Protected underground mineral spring |
| Mineral Content | Naturally occurring | Minimal (low TDS) | Added electrolytes | High (at least 250 ppm TDS) |
| Processing | Minimal filtration | Distillation, RO, deionization | Ionization or mineral additives | Minimal to maintain original purity |
| Taste | Variable; often described as 'crisp' | Neutral, flavorless | Smooth, silky | Distinct, can be salty or creamy |
| Cost | Mid-range to high | Low to mid-range | Mid-range to high | High |
The Tap Water Alternative
While the convenience and perceived purity of bottled water are appealing, it's worth comparing it to tap water, especially if your local supply is safe. In many regions, tap water is highly regulated and undergoes more frequent testing than bottled water. Choosing a good home water filter is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to buying bottled water regularly. This approach reduces plastic waste and provides access to clean, affordable drinking water on demand.
Proper Storage of Bottled Water
To maintain the quality and safety of your bottled water, proper storage is key. The CDC recommends storing water containers in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight and household chemicals. This helps prevent the growth of mold or algae and reduces the risk of chemicals from the plastic leaching into the water, a particular concern if the bottles are exposed to heat. Using glass or stainless steel reusable bottles is another great way to ensure purity, especially when refilling.
Conclusion
Choosing the best bottled water ultimately depends on your personal priorities for taste, mineral content, and environmental impact. For those who prefer a specific taste profile or require a mineral boost, spring and mineral waters are excellent choices. If purity is the main concern, purified water offers a consistent product, although filtered tap water is a more sustainable and affordable option. While alkaline and electrolyte-enhanced waters are popular, their nutritional benefits over other water types are debatable. Reading labels and considering the source, mineral content, and packaging will help you make a selection that best supports your hydration and health goals. For further guidance on water safety, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides helpful resources on safe water storage.
