The Mandate of the National Food Security Act
The Indian government's food security system is centered on the National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013. The Act aims to ensure access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices for approximately two-thirds of the population. This framework shifts the approach from welfare programs to legal entitlements.
Key Components and Mechanisms
To achieve its objectives, the NFSA utilizes and strengthens the Public Distribution System (PDS). The central government manages procurement, storage, and allocation, while state governments handle beneficiary identification and distribution through Fair Price Shops (FPS). Supporting initiatives include the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) and nutritional support programs for vulnerable groups.
Challenges and Reforms for Enhanced Efficacy
Challenges include leakage and errors in beneficiary identification. Reforms address these through digitalization, Aadhaar linkage, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), and the 'One Nation, One Ration Card' (ONORC) scheme.
Comparison of Food Security Goals and Measures
| Aspect | National Food Security Act (NFSA) | National Food Security Mission (NFSM) | Public Distribution System (PDS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Legal entitlement to subsidized food grains for vulnerable populations. | Increasing production and productivity of major food grains. | Distribution of food grains and other essential commodities at subsidized prices. |
| Implementation | Establishes the legal right and framework for distribution through the PDS. | Promotes sustainable agricultural practices. | The operational mechanism for the NFSA. |
| Mechanism | Defines beneficiary categories and entitlements. | Provides farmers with inputs and support. | Utilizes Fair Price Shops (FPS). |
| Funding | Central and State government subsidies. | Centrally Sponsored Scheme. | Joint responsibility of Central and State governments. |
Conclusion
The primary objective of India's food security system is to guarantee access to essential food for vulnerable populations. The NFSA is key to this, establishing food access as a rights-based entitlement. Ongoing reforms and coordination of schemes like NFSM and PDS are crucial for achieving food and nutritional security. Further details can be found at {Link: nfsa.gov.in https://nfsa.gov.in/portal/nfsa-act}.
