A low residue diet is designed to decrease the amount of undigested food passing through the intestines, thereby reducing the size and frequency of stools. This diet is commonly recommended for short-term use for conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, or as preparation for a colonoscopy. Understanding precisely what can't you eat on a low residue diet is critical for following it correctly and achieving the desired outcome of resting the bowel.
Foods to Avoid on a Low Residue Diet
The primary items to avoid are those rich in fiber, as well as any other foods that are poorly digested and increase the volume of stool. This includes most raw fruits and vegetables, all whole grains, and a variety of other items.
Whole Grains and High-Fiber Starches
To minimize residue, all whole grains and products made with them must be eliminated. This includes:
- Whole-wheat and whole-grain breads, crackers, and pasta
- Brown and wild rice
- Oats, granola, and bran cereals
- Popcorn and other high-fiber snacks
- Foods with seeds or nuts
Raw or Fibrous Fruits and Vegetables
Most raw produce is off-limits due to its high fiber content. Exceptions are limited to certain canned or cooked items, provided they are peeled and seedless.
- Most raw fruits (berries, pears, apples with skin, pineapple)
- Dried fruits (prunes, raisins, figs)
- All raw vegetables
- Cooked vegetables with fibrous stalks or skins (broccoli, corn, Brussels sprouts, cabbage)
- Vegetables with seeds (peas, tomatoes, cucumbers)
Legumes, Nuts, and Seeds
This entire category is typically restricted because these foods are largely indigestible and contribute significantly to stool bulk. Avoid:
- Beans (kidney, pinto, black beans)
- Lentils and peas
- All types of nuts and seeds
- Crunchy or chunky nut butters
Tough Meats and Fatty Foods
Tough, heavily spiced, or fatty foods can be difficult to digest and irritate the GI tract. Exclude:
- Tough, chewy meats or those with gristle
- Fried foods (fried chicken, French fries)
- Highly seasoned or fatty meats (sausage, bacon)
Dairy and High-Fat Products
For some, certain dairy products, especially those high in fat or if lactose intolerant, can increase residue or cause discomfort. Strong cheeses are often restricted.
Beverages and Condiments
Certain drinks and additions can irritate the gut. Avoid:
- Fruit juices with pulp
- Alcohol
- Spicy sauces and condiments
Comparison: Low Residue vs. Low Fiber Diet
While often used interchangeably, a low residue diet is typically more restrictive than a low fiber diet, also limiting items that contribute to stool volume beyond just dietary fiber, such as some dairy.
| Food Category | Low Residue Diet (More Restrictive) | Low Fiber Diet (Less Restrictive) |
|---|---|---|
| Grains | Only refined white breads, white rice, pasta | Refined grains, but may also include some low-fiber cereals |
| Fruits | Ripe bananas, peeled/canned fruits without seeds | Bananas, melons, peeled apples, canned fruits |
| Vegetables | Cooked, peeled vegetables without seeds (carrots, spinach) | Well-cooked, non-fibrous vegetables; skins and seeds removed |
| Dairy | Often limited; plain yogurt, smooth cottage cheese | Lactose-free or low-fat options often permitted |
| Meats | Tender, well-cooked, lean meats, fish, eggs | Well-cooked, tender meats, limited fat |
Managing the Diet and Risks
Since a low residue diet is very restrictive, it carries risks, particularly nutrient deficiencies if followed for an extended period. Because of this, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider or dietitian to ensure nutritional needs are met. This diet is only for temporary use, and a gradual reintroduction of fiber is needed afterward. Adequate hydration is also vital to prevent constipation, a potential side effect due to the lack of bulk. Working with your doctor to determine the appropriate duration and to transition safely back to a more balanced diet is essential for your long-term health.
Conclusion
A low residue diet is a therapeutic tool for managing gastrointestinal distress or preparing for medical procedures, not a permanent lifestyle choice. By understanding what can't you eat on a low residue diet, including whole grains, raw produce, nuts, and certain high-fat items, you can effectively give your bowel a rest. Always follow the guidance of a healthcare professional to manage this diet safely and to transition back to a more varied eating plan when appropriate.
Visit the Banner Health website for more information on the low-residue diet and its applications.
