What is E460 (Cellulose)?
E460 is the European food additive number for cellulose, a carbohydrate and the main structural component of plant cell walls. While indigestible by humans, processed forms of cellulose are widely used by the food industry for their functional properties. The two primary forms of E460 are microcrystalline cellulose (E460(i)) and powdered cellulose (E460(ii)), which differ based on their processing and particle structure. It is commercially produced from natural sources like wood pulp and cotton, which undergo purification and chemical modification.
E460’s Versatile Roles in Processed Foods
E460 is a multi-functional additive prized for its ability to improve the texture, stability, and shelf-life of products without adding calories. Here are some of its most common uses in food:
- Bulking Agent: E460 adds bulk and volume to low-calorie or diet foods.
- Thickener and Stabilizer: It can form a gel with water, effectively thickening and stabilizing products.
- Anti-Caking Agent: Powdered cellulose (E460(ii)) absorbs moisture to prevent clumping in products like shredded cheeses and spices.
- Fat Replacer: E460 provides a creamy texture in low-fat products.
- Texture Enhancer: It improves texture and consistency in various foods.
E460 Beyond the Supermarket Aisle
Cellulose is used in various non-food applications:
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Microcrystalline cellulose (E460(i)) is a key ingredient in tablets, acting as a binder and filler.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care: It can be found in lotions and makeup as an abrasive or stabilizer.
- Industrial Applications: Uses include paper manufacturing and detergents.
E460(i) vs. E460(ii): A Comparison
| Feature | Microcrystalline Cellulose (E460(i)) | Powdered Cellulose (E460(ii)) |
|---|---|---|
| Processing | Refined using mineral acids. | Mechanically ground after chemical treatment. |
| Particle Structure | Controlled, crystalline particle size. | Less defined particle size. |
| Functionality | Stabilizes, texturizes, and acts as tablet binder. | Anti-caking agent and fiber additive. |
| Common Use | Yogurts, dressings, pharmaceuticals. | Shredded cheese, spices, dry mixes. |
Is E460 Safe? Health Considerations
E460 is generally considered safe by food safety authorities like EFSA and FDA. However, high consumption may lead to mild digestive issues because it is an indigestible fiber.
- Digestive Effects: High intake can cause bloating or diarrhea.
- Nutrient Absorption: Very high doses might affect nutrient absorption.
- Allergic Reactions: Though rare, sensitivity or allergy is possible.
E460 provides bulk but no nutritional value; prioritize fiber from whole foods for health benefits.
Reading the Labels: What to Look For
E460 is listed under several names on ingredient labels:
- E460(i) Microcrystalline Cellulose: Found in dairy alternatives and tablets.
- E460(ii) Powdered Cellulose: Common in shredded cheese and spices.
- Cellulose Gel: An alternative term for microcrystalline cellulose.
Conclusion: E460's Pervasive but Generally Safe Role
E460 (cellulose) is a widely used plant-derived additive found in processed foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It functions as a bulking agent, stabilizer, and anti-caking agent. While generally safe according to food authorities, it is indigestible, and excessive intake can cause minor digestive issues. A balanced diet with fiber from whole foods is always recommended. See more on E460 from an independent source here.
