The Dominance of Citral: Lemon Myrtle's Signature Compound
When asking what is lemon myrtle high in, the undisputed primary answer is citral. This organic compound is a mixture of two isomeric aldehydes, neral and geranial, and is responsible for the plant's intense and refreshing lemon aroma. The concentration of citral in lemon myrtle (up to 98% in the essential oil) is significantly higher than in other citrus-scented plants like lemongrass (60-90%) or lemon verbena (40%). The therapeutic properties associated with citral are extensive and have been recognized in traditional Aboriginal medicine for centuries.
Therapeutic Properties of Citral
- Potent Antimicrobial and Antifungal: Citral is a powerful antiseptic agent, effectively inhibiting the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Studies have shown that lemon myrtle's antimicrobial activity can be even more effective than that of tea tree oil.
- Anti-inflammatory Effects: The anti-inflammatory properties of citral and other compounds in lemon myrtle can help reduce swelling and discomfort, providing relief for conditions like sore throats, congestion, and digestive issues.
- Mild Sedative Qualities: The aromatic oils have calming effects that can help alleviate stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, promoting a sense of well-being.
A Rich Source of Antioxidants
Beyond citral, lemon myrtle is exceptionally high in antioxidants, surpassing even blueberries in antioxidant activity. These compounds are crucial for fighting oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which can damage cells and contribute to aging and chronic disease. The herb's antioxidant capacity comes from a complex blend of bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids and polyphenols.
Flavonoids and Polyphenols
Research has identified a variety of flavonoids and polyphenols in lemon myrtle, which are significant contributors to its health benefits.
- Flavonoids: This group of plant compounds provides powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support. Notable flavonoids found in lemon myrtle include catechins, quercetin, and luteolin.
- Polyphenols: These compounds, such as gallic and ellagic acids, further enhance the plant's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Casuarinin and polydatin, other polyphenolic compounds, have shown potential for activating muscle satellite cells and providing cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties, respectively.
The Vitamin and Mineral Powerhouse
As a nutritional supplement, dried lemon myrtle leaves provide a concentrated source of several essential vitamins and minerals.
Key Vitamins in Lemon Myrtle
- Vitamin C: The high concentration and purity of citral are believed to contribute to the herb's significant vitamin C content, which is essential for immune function, tissue repair, and iron absorption.
- Lutein: Lemon myrtle is a rich source of this important carotenoid, which is known for supporting eye health and helping to protect the retina from damage caused by inflammation and blue light.
- Vitamin E: A potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from free radical damage.
- Folate: Essential for cell growth and DNA synthesis.
- Vitamin A: Important for vision and immune function.
Abundant Essential Minerals
Dried lemon myrtle also offers an impressive array of minerals, often in high concentrations compared to many other plant sources.
- Calcium: An exceptional vegan source of calcium, which is vital for maintaining strong bones, teeth, and muscle function.
- Magnesium: Essential for energy production, nerve function, and muscle regulation.
- Zinc: Supports metabolism, wound healing, and immune system function.
- Potassium: Key for healthy heart, muscle, and kidney function.
- Iron: Supports energy production and oxygen transport.
Comparing Lemon Myrtle's Nutritional Profile
To put lemon myrtle's impressive content into perspective, consider how it stacks up against other common health foods in key areas. All comparisons are based on dry weight per 100g, where available, or general quality. It is important to note that the nutrient density will vary based on how the herb is prepared and consumed.
| Nutrient/Compound | Lemon Myrtle (Dry Weight) | Other Sources (e.g., Avocado, Green Tea) | Key Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citral | >90-98% purity | Lemongrass (60-90%), Lemon Verbena (40%) | Highest natural concentration worldwide, providing a more intense and pure flavor. |
| Antioxidant Activity (ORAC score) | Significantly higher than blueberries | Blueberry (440 µmol TE/100g) | Lemon myrtle provides superior antioxidant capacity based on ORAC scores cited in research. |
| Calcium | ~1583 mg/100g | Spinach (~305 mg/100g) | Exceptional, concentrated source, especially valuable for vegans seeking plant-based calcium. |
| Lutein | >6.5 mg/100g | Avocado (0.6-1.1 mg/100g) | Higher concentration of this carotenoid, which benefits eye health by filtering blue light and fighting inflammation. |
| Vitamin E | ~21.2 mg/100g | Almonds (~26.2 mg/100g) | Provides a very high level of this antioxidant vitamin. |
How These Compounds Contribute to Health
The high concentration of beneficial compounds in lemon myrtle means its use can offer a range of health-promoting effects. The potent citral provides antimicrobial action, which is valuable for fighting off infections and supporting oral health. The antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, and various polyphenols, protect cells from damage and bolster the immune system. High levels of minerals like calcium and magnesium support everything from bone density to muscle function. Additionally, the calming and anti-inflammatory properties can aid in digestion, promote relaxation, and relieve respiratory discomfort.
Conclusion: More Than Just a Scent
In conclusion, lemon myrtle is a powerhouse of beneficial compounds, far exceeding its reputation as a simple aromatic herb. Its claim to fame is its extraordinarily high concentration of citral, a powerful essential oil with potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond this, it is exceptionally high in antioxidants, offering robust protection against cellular damage. Furthermore, it is a significant source of key vitamins, such as C, A, E, and folate, and is particularly rich in essential minerals, most notably calcium, magnesium, and zinc. This unique nutritional and chemical profile solidifies lemon myrtle's status as a true superfood, providing a wide array of health benefits that make it much more than just a pleasant scent.
For those interested in the scientific research behind these health benefits, an in-depth review can be found on the National Institutes of Health website.
