Silicium, more commonly known as silicon, is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust after oxygen, and it plays an important but often overlooked role in human biology. Although its essentiality for humans is still under debate, research has demonstrated significant benefits, particularly for the structural integrity of the body. This trace mineral is involved in the formation of collagen and other key components that support skin, hair, nails, and bones.
The Role of Silicium in Bone Health
One of the most well-researched areas of silicium's benefits is its effect on bone health. Silicium is crucial for the proper formation and maintenance of bones and cartilage. It works in several ways:
- Enhancing Mineralization: Silicium is involved in bone mineralization by influencing the deposition of calcium into the bone matrix. Animal studies show that a lack of silicon can lead to poorly mineralized, more porous bones.
- Boosting Collagen Synthesis: As a key component of the collagen matrix, silicium provides the organic framework upon which calcium and other minerals are deposited, making bones strong and flexible. It's impossible to form strong bone without both calcium and silicium.
- Supporting Bone Density: Observational studies have linked higher dietary silicium intake to increased bone mineral density, especially in the cortical bone (the dense outer layer) of men and pre-menopausal women.
Silicium for Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails
Silicium's contribution to collagen extends beyond bones to the connective tissues of the skin, hair, and nails, which are also rich in this mineral.
- Promotes Skin Elasticity: Silicium is necessary for the optimal synthesis of collagen and elastin, which are responsible for skin's strength and elasticity. As we age, silicium levels naturally decline, contributing to wrinkles and loss of firmness.
- Strengthens Hair: Studies have shown that higher silicium content in hair strands correlates with greater brightness and less breakage. Supplementation with a bioavailable form of silicium, such as choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA), has been shown to improve hair thickness and tensile strength in women with fine hair.
- Fortifies Nails: Since silicium is a predominant mineral in nail composition, a deficiency can lead to soft and brittle nails. Improving silicium intake can strengthen nails and protect against infections.
Connective Tissue Support
Beyond bone and external features, silicium is integral to all connective tissues throughout the body, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. It plays a role in forming glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are essential for maintaining cartilage structure and flexibility. Adequate silicium ensures the proper cross-linking of collagen and GAGs, which helps repair connective tissue and reduces inflammation. This is particularly important for joints and arteries.
Cardiovascular and Immune Health
Emerging research also points to silicium's role in supporting cardiovascular health and immune function.
- Arterial Health: Silicium contributes to the structural integrity, elasticity, and permeability of arteries. Studies from the 1950s found that arteries with atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) had lower silicium levels and higher calcium content.
- Aluminium Detoxification: Some studies suggest that silicic acid can complex with aluminum in the digestive tract, preventing its absorption and promoting its excretion. Since aluminum has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, this potential benefit is a topic of ongoing research.
- Immune System Modulation: Silicium may also play a part in immune response by supporting the formation of immune cells and mitigating inflammation.
Silicium (Silicon) Sources: Food vs. Supplements
| Source Category | Examples | Bioavailability Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Dietary Foods | Whole grains (oats, barley), leafy greens, root vegetables (carrots, potatoes), green beans, bananas, raisins | Bioavailability varies greatly depending on the food's composition. Silicon in bananas, for example, is highly polymerized and poorly absorbed. Unrefined cereals generally offer good bioavailability. |
| Beverages | Beer, mineral water | Beer contains orthosilicic acid (OSA), a highly bioavailable form of silicium. Mineral water varies significantly in its silicium content depending on the source. |
| Supplements | Orthosilicic acid (OSA), stabilized OSA (e.g., ch-OSA), monomethyl silanetriol (MMST) | Bioavailability is a primary concern with supplements. Monomeric forms like OSA are generally better absorbed than highly polymerized forms. Choline-stabilized OSA has been shown to be particularly bioavailable. |
Conclusion
Silicium is far more than a trace element found in rocks and soil; it is a critical component for maintaining the body's structural integrity. Its involvement in collagen synthesis directly benefits bone mineralization and the health of skin, hair, and nails. Emerging evidence also suggests potential roles in cardiovascular health and detoxification. For those looking to support these aspects of their health, incorporating silicium-rich foods like whole grains, vegetables, and beer can be beneficial. Additionally, specific supplements, especially those containing highly bioavailable orthosilicic acid, are available to help ensure adequate intake. As with any supplement, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to determine the right approach for your individual needs. Continued research will likely shed further light on the full scope of this valuable mineral's effects on human health.
