Understanding Alkaline Water
Alkaline water is defined by its pH level, which measures its acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0 to 14. Regular tap water typically has a neutral pH of 7, while alkaline water has a higher pH, generally ranging from 8 to 9.5. This higher pH is achieved either naturally, by passing over mineral-rich rocks, or artificially, through processes like electrolysis or mineral additives.
How Alkaline Water is Made
- Naturally Sourced: This water comes from natural springs or artesian wells where it flows over and absorbs minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium from the rocks. This mineral content naturally increases its pH. Examples include Eternal and Mountain Valley Spring Water.
- Bottled and Enhanced: Many popular bottled brands, like Essentia, are purified through reverse osmosis and then infused with electrolyte minerals to achieve their high pH. This process ensures purity while allowing for controlled alkalinity.
- Home Filtration Systems: There are two main types of home systems that create alkaline water from your tap water:
- Alkaline Water Filters: Pitchers or under-sink systems add mineral-based cartridges that infuse beneficial minerals like calcium and magnesium, raising the water's pH.
- Water Ionizers: These countertop devices use a process called electrolysis to separate water into alkaline and acidic streams. They can often produce water with a customizable pH level.
- DIY Methods: The simplest and most affordable method is adding a pinch of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to a glass of water to raise its pH. While effective, excessive sodium intake can be a concern for some individuals.
How to Choose the Best High Alkaline Water
Determining the 'best' alkaline water depends on several factors, including your budget, lifestyle, and health considerations. Here's what to look for:
- The Source of Alkalinity: Natural alkaline water, sourced from mineral springs, provides alkalinity from naturally occurring minerals. Artificially produced alkaline water, via electrolysis or additives, is also available. Some experts argue that the natural option is preferable, as it contains naturally balanced mineral compositions.
- pH Level: A pH between 8 and 9.5 is standard for most alkaline water products. Some home ionizers can produce higher levels, but regular consumption of very high-pH water (above 9.8) can carry risks, especially for individuals with kidney issues.
- Mineral Content: The best alkaline water is often rich in key minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. These minerals contribute to alkalinity and are essential for overall health. When choosing bottled water, check the label for mineral content. For filters, ensure the technology is designed to remineralize the water effectively.
- Contaminant Removal: If you use a home filtration system, look for NSF-certified filters that effectively remove contaminants like chlorine, fluoride, and heavy metals. This is especially important for ionizers, which don't inherently filter water and can concentrate impurities.
- Cost and Convenience: Bottled water is convenient but costly and environmentally impactful over time. Home filters and ionizers require a larger initial investment but are more cost-effective in the long run.
Comparison of Alkaline Water Sources
| Feature | Natural Alkaline Water | Bottled & Enhanced | Home Filter (Pitcher/RO) | Water Ionizer (Electrolysis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost | Varies by brand and source; often high premium. | High, with ongoing purchase cost and waste. | Moderate initial cost, lower ongoing filter costs. | High initial investment, filters can be costly. |
| Source | Deep natural springs, untouched. | Purified tap/well water, then minerals added. | Tap water, with filtration and remineralization. | Tap water, separated by electric charge. |
| Mineral Content | Naturally occurring, balanced minerals. | Controlled, added mineral content (electrolytes). | Depends on filter; adds beneficial minerals back. | Depends on filter; ionizes minerals already present. |
| pH Level | Typically 7.8-8.5. | Usually 8-9.5, controlled. | Often 8-9.5, depends on filter media. | Adjustable, can reach very high levels (e.g., pH 10+). |
| Contaminant Removal | Naturally low in contaminants, but source-dependent. | High purity via reverse osmosis before enhancement. | Effective, especially with NSF-certified filters. | Requires a separate pre-filter for true contaminant removal. |
| Convenience | Variable availability, requires transport. | Very high, widely available. | High, with regular filter changes. | High, continuous supply from a fixture. |
The Science Behind Alkaline Water
While many marketers tout alkaline water as a cure-all, scientific evidence supporting these broad claims is limited. The human body has its own robust mechanisms, primarily the kidneys and lungs, for regulating its pH balance within a very tight, slightly alkaline range (7.35–7.45). Drinking alkaline water has little to no effect on your systemic blood pH.
Potential Benefits and Limited Evidence
- Acid Reflux Relief: Some research suggests that alkaline water with a pH of 8.8 may help neutralize pepsin, a key enzyme involved in acid reflux. However, this effect is temporary and not a long-term solution.
- Hydration: Some small studies, particularly involving athletes, have shown that alkaline water may enhance hydration and reduce blood viscosity after exercise. However, adequate hydration depends more on the volume of water you drink than its pH.
- Bone Health: A 2021 study on postmenopausal women found a potential link between alkaline mineral water and improved bone density, but more research is needed.
Potential Risks and Considerations
While generally safe for most people, excessive or long-term consumption of alkaline water can pose risks:
- Digestive Issues: Regular consumption of alkaline water can temporarily disrupt the natural acidity of your stomach, which is needed to kill bacteria and break down food.
- Alkalosis: In rare cases, especially with overconsumption or for those with kidney disease, drinking too much alkaline water could lead to metabolic alkalosis, causing symptoms like nausea, muscle twitching, or confusion.
- Mineral Imbalance: High intake could interfere with the absorption of other essential minerals, such as iron and zinc, and may increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
- Kidney Health: People with impaired kidney function should consult a doctor before consuming alkaline water, as it could put extra strain on their kidneys.
For more information on the topic, the Mayo Clinic offers a balanced perspective on alkaline water and health claims, advising that tap water is sufficient for most people.
Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice
There is no single answer to what is the best high alkaline water to drink, as the ideal option varies for each individual. While proponents highlight potential benefits for acid reflux and athletic hydration, strong scientific evidence for many claims is lacking. For many people, natural alkaline spring water offers a balanced approach, providing natural minerals without the potential risks of artificially high pH levels. For others, a home filtration system offers a cost-effective and convenient way to enhance tap water, as long as proper filtration is ensured. Ultimately, for healthy individuals, drinking regular filtered water is likely sufficient for optimal hydration, making expensive alkaline products a matter of personal preference rather than a medical necessity.
- The best approach is to start with a reliable, filtered water source and only consider alkaline options based on individual needs and consultation with a healthcare professional. For those who enjoy the taste or find relief from specific, mild issues like acid reflux, a high-quality, naturally sourced or properly filtered alkaline water can be a suitable choice.
Where to Find High Alkaline Water
- Bottled Brands: Look for reputable bottled brands like Essentia, Eternal, and Mountain Valley Spring Water at your local grocery or health food store.
- Home Filters: Explore alkaline water filter pitchers and under-sink systems from brands like HPF or Ultrastream.
- Water Ionizers: For customizable pH levels and continuous supply, brands like AlkaViva offer reliable water ionizer machines.
Before making a significant investment or dietary change, consider your overall health, budget, and personal preferences to find the perfect hydration solution for you.
