Understanding the Green: Natural Chlorophyll vs. Processed Chlorophyllin
When people discuss the benefits of green juice or a daily dose of 'liquid chlorophyll,' they are often unknowingly referring to two different compounds. Natural chlorophyll, the vibrant green pigment that allows plants to perform photosynthesis, is fundamentally different from sodium copper chlorophyllin, the water-soluble substance found in most supplements. The core differences stem from their molecular structure, origin, solubility, and stability, all of which impact how our bodies interact with them.
What is Natural Chlorophyll?
Natural chlorophyll is a naturally occurring, fat-soluble green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. There are several types, with chlorophyll a and b being the most common in green plants. At the center of its porphyrin ring structure is a single magnesium atom, which is essential for photosynthesis. This long, fat-soluble "phytol tail" makes natural chlorophyll insoluble in water and less stable, particularly when exposed to heat and acid. This is why fresh green vegetables are the primary dietary source of natural chlorophyll. While consuming fresh greens is beneficial, the bioavailability of natural chlorophyll is relatively poor, meaning the body does not absorb it efficiently.
What is Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin?
Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), often simply labeled as 'chlorophyllin' on products, is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative of natural chlorophyll. It is manufactured by replacing the central magnesium atom of the chlorophyll molecule with a copper ion and removing the phytol tail through a process called saponification. This structural modification is key to its enhanced properties. The addition of sodium salts further increases its water solubility, making it ideal for liquid supplements and food colorants. The replacement of magnesium with copper also makes SCC significantly more stable and resistant to acidic conditions and heat, preventing discoloration. This improved stability and water-solubility lead to better bioavailability compared to its natural counterpart.
Key Differences at a Glance
| Feature | Natural Chlorophyll | Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin (SCC) |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Naturally occurring in plants | Semi-synthetic, derived from natural chlorophyll |
| Central Atom | Magnesium | Copper |
| Solubility | Fat-soluble | Water-soluble |
| Stability | Less stable, sensitive to heat and acid | Highly stable, resistant to heat and acid |
| Bioavailability | Poorly absorbed by the body | More readily absorbed than natural chlorophyll |
| Common Uses | As part of a whole-food diet | Dietary supplements, food colorant, internal deodorizer |
Why is Chlorophyllin Used in Supplements?
Manufacturers favor chlorophyllin for dietary supplements because its chemical modifications make it a more practical and effective product. Natural chlorophyll's fat-solubility and instability present significant challenges for producing a stable, shelf-ready liquid supplement. The process of replacing magnesium with copper and removing the fat-soluble tail creates a water-soluble, stable compound that dissolves easily and has a longer shelf life. Furthermore, studies have shown that chlorophyllin is better absorbed by the human body than natural chlorophyll, which is mostly excreted without significant uptake. Therefore, in supplement form, SCC is engineered to provide more consistent delivery and absorption, fulfilling the practical requirements of a commercial product.
Benefits and Applications
While natural chlorophyll is a potent antioxidant found in healthy green foods, the health effects of chlorophyll supplements are more directly linked to the properties of chlorophyllin. Sodium copper chlorophyllin has been used for over 50 years for its deodorizing properties, specifically to reduce fecal and urinary odors in patients. Other potential uses include topical applications for acne and wound healing, leveraging its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, many of the broader claims regarding detoxification, weight loss, and energy boosts are not yet supported by strong scientific evidence for either chlorophyll or chlorophyllin supplements.
How to Get Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin
To ensure you are consuming natural chlorophyll, the simplest method is to increase your intake of fresh, dark leafy green vegetables. This includes spinach, kale, parsley, and alfalfa. Eating these foods also provides a host of other beneficial vitamins, minerals, and fiber. If you choose to take a supplement, you will almost certainly be consuming sodium copper chlorophyllin. These are widely available in liquid drops, capsules, and tablets. While convenient, it is important to remember that this is a processed compound and not identical to the chlorophyll found in whole foods.
Conclusion
At its core, the difference between chlorophyll and sodium copper chlorophyllin is the distinction between a natural plant pigment and its more stable, synthetic counterpart. Natural chlorophyll, found in leafy greens, is fat-soluble and contains magnesium, but is poorly absorbed by the body. Conversely, sodium copper chlorophyllin is a water-soluble, copper-containing derivative used in supplements and food products for its enhanced stability and bioavailability. While both offer antioxidant benefits, the specific applications, stability, and absorption rates vary significantly between the two, making it crucial to know which one is in your supplement.
Linus Pauling Institute - Chlorophyll and Metallo-Chlorophyll Derivatives
