Raimati Ghiuria: The True Queen of Millets
The most important fact about the title "Queen of Millets" is that it refers to a person, not a grain. That person is Raimati Ghiuria, a remarkable tribal farmer from the Koraput district of Odisha, India. She was given this title for her monumental efforts in the conservation and promotion of traditional millet varieties. Her work, which included preserving rare seeds and training hundreds of women farmers in cultivation techniques, brought her international recognition, culminating in her invitation to the G20 Summit in 2023. There, celebrating the International Year of Millets, she was rightfully crowned the 'Queen of Millets'.
Ghiuria's dedication was influenced by her aunt, the late Padma Shri awardee Kamala Pujari, another trailblazer in native seed conservation. Under the guidance of the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Ghiuria and other women farmers established a community-based farming group in the late 1990s to restore millet production. Her legacy is a testament to the power of grassroots activism in promoting agricultural sustainability and food security, proving that human champions are vital for these ancient grains to thrive.
The Nutritional Powerhouses of the Millet Kingdom
While Raimati Ghiuria holds the human title, many millet species possess individual qualities that could earn them their own place in a "millet monarchy." Millets are a group of small-seeded cereal grasses and are considered some of the most nutritious grains available. Their individual strengths contribute to a diverse and healthy diet, far surpassing refined grains like white rice and wheat in many nutritional aspects.
Finger Millet (Ragi)
Finger millet, or Ragi, stands out for its exceptionally high calcium content, making it an excellent food for bone health, especially for growing children and older adults. It is also a good source of iron, helping to combat anemia. Ragi is naturally gluten-free and easy to digest, making it a popular choice for porridge and weaning foods.
Foxtail Millet (Kangni)
Known for its heart-healthy properties, foxtail millet is rich in magnesium and antioxidants. It has a low glycemic index, which helps regulate blood sugar levels, making it a suitable food for individuals with diabetes. This millet is also a good source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and weight management.
Pearl Millet (Bajra)
Pearl millet is a good source of protein, dietary fiber, iron, calcium, and magnesium. With its higher protein and lipid content compared to other millets, it offers high energy and plays a crucial role in preventing malnutrition.
Kodo Millet
Kodo millet is rich in B vitamins, such as niacin and folic acid, as well as important minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc. It is known to be easily digestible and beneficial for strengthening the nervous system.
Proso Millet
Proso millet has the highest protein content among millets and is also a good source of calcium, which is essential for bone health. It contributes to lowering cholesterol levels and managing diabetes.
A Comparative Look at Key Millets
| Feature | Finger Millet (Ragi) | Foxtail Millet (Kangni) | Pearl Millet (Bajra) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best Known For | Highest calcium content | Low glycemic index, heart health | High protein and fiber |
| Key Nutrient | Calcium | Magnesium, Vitamin B12 | Protein, Iron |
| GI Classification | Lower glycemic response | Low glycemic index | Higher energy content |
| Dietary Suitability | Bone health, weaning food | Diabetes management, weight loss | Insomnia, general nutrition |
| Drought Resistance | Hardy crop | Highly drought-resistant | Highly drought-resistant |
The Resurgence of Ancient Grains
For millennia, millets were staple foods across Africa and Asia. However, during the "Green Revolution" of the 20th century, crops like rice and wheat were heavily promoted, leading to a decline in millet cultivation. Today, millets are making a significant comeback, driven by a growing global awareness of their health and environmental benefits. Millets are now recognized as "nutri-cereals" and are being increasingly adopted as a sustainable and healthy food source. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and other international bodies, in initiatives like the International Year of Millets in 2023, have further cemented their role in global food security.
Key Reasons for Millet's Revival
- Nutritional Superiority: Millets boast higher levels of fiber, protein, minerals, and antioxidants compared to many refined grains.
- Drought Resistance: Their ability to grow in arid regions with minimal water makes millets a climate-resilient and sustainable crop.
- Gluten-Free: As a naturally gluten-free grain, millet is an excellent and safe alternative for individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity.
- Health Benefits: Regular consumption is associated with better management of blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
- Biodiversity Conservation: Promoting millet cultivation supports agricultural biodiversity, a goal advanced by conservationists like Raimati Ghiuria.
How to Incorporate Millets into Your Diet
Adding millets to your daily meals is simple and versatile. They have a mild, nutty flavor and can be used in a variety of dishes as a substitute for rice, wheat, or corn. To prepare them, simply rinse the grains and cook them with a ratio of 1 cup of millet to 2 cups of water. Soaking millets overnight before cooking can also reduce antinutrient content and improve nutrient absorption. You can use millets to prepare savory dishes like khichdi, pilaf, or a side dish similar to couscous. The flour can be used for baking gluten-free bread, rotis, or sweets like laddus. For a simple breakfast, millet can be cooked into a delicious and nutritious porridge.
Conclusion
The question "What is the queen of millets?" reveals a powerful story about human dedication and the inherent value of ancient grains. The crown belongs to Raimati Ghiuria, whose selfless efforts to preserve and promote traditional millet varieties have earned her worldwide recognition. Her work highlights the critical importance of seed diversity for food security and sustainable farming. At the same time, the millets themselves, with their exceptional nutritional profiles and resilience, hold a special place in the "grain kingdom" as some of the most beneficial and versatile crops we can cultivate. By celebrating both the human and botanical "queens," we honor a legacy of agricultural heritage and invest in a healthier, more sustainable future.
For more detailed information on millets and agricultural initiatives, you can visit the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) website for resources and research.
