What is the safest sparkling water to drink? A comprehensive guide

According to studies, some sparkling water brands have contained detectable levels of PFAS "forever chemicals," sparking consumer concern. So, what is the safest sparkling water to drink? The answer involves looking beyond the bubbles to scrutinize ingredients, packaging, and water sourcing.

Quick Summary

This guide reveals how to choose the safest sparkling water by evaluating brands for PFAS chemicals, BPA-free packaging, and harmful additives. It provides actionable tips for protecting your dental health while enjoying a fizzy beverage.

Key Points

• Check for PFAS: Some sparkling waters have been found to contain PFAS 'forever chemicals'; choose brands that test low or non-detectable, like Sound or Mountain Valley.

• Prioritize BPA-Free Packaging: Opt for BPA-free aluminum cans or glass bottles to avoid potential chemical leaching from can linings.

• Scrutinize Ingredients: Stick to plain sparkling water or varieties flavored with natural essences and no added sugar or artificial sweeteners.

• Be Mindful of Dental Health: Flavored sparkling waters with added acids can erode tooth enamel over time; use a straw and drink with meals to mitigate risk.

• Use a Home Carbonator for Control: For ultimate safety and customization, create your own sparkling water using filtered tap water.

• Check Mineral Content for Kidney Health: If you have kidney issues, be cautious of sparkling mineral waters, which can have higher levels of minerals like sodium.

• Consider Digestive Sensitivities: People with IBS or GERD may experience bloating or discomfort from carbonation; listen to your body and adjust intake as needed.

The Rise of Sparkling Water and Hidden Concerns

Sparkling water has become a popular and refreshing alternative to sugary sodas. For many, it's an easy way to stay hydrated and curb cravings for less healthy beverages. However, recent reports have brought important health and safety concerns to the forefront, including the presence of PFAS chemicals and the potential for dental erosion. As consumers become more health-conscious, understanding the key factors that determine the safety of sparkling water is critical.

Understanding Sparkling Water Types and Potential Risks

Not all fizzy water is created equal. There are distinct types, each with its own characteristics and potential risks:

• Seltzer Water: Plain water that is artificially infused with carbon dioxide. It typically contains no added minerals. Some flavored seltzers may use natural or artificial essences.
• Sparkling Mineral Water: Sourced from a mineral spring or well, this water is naturally carbonated and contains minerals like calcium, magnesium, and sodium. It can also be artificially carbonated.
• Club Soda: Artificially carbonated water with added minerals, often sodium salts, for a specific taste.

Potential Risks to Consider:

• PFAS 'Forever Chemicals': Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of chemicals that don't break down easily and have been linked to health issues. Independent testing has revealed concerning levels of PFAS in some popular sparkling water brands, necessitating careful brand selection.
• Packaging (BPA): Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the lining of some aluminum cans. It is a known endocrine disruptor that can leach into food and beverages. Opting for BPA-free cans or glass bottles is a safer choice.
• Dental Erosion: Carbonation creates carbonic acid, which makes sparkling water mildly acidic. Plain seltzer is generally not a major concern, but flavored varieties, particularly those with added citric or phosphoric acid, can significantly increase acidity and potentially damage tooth enamel with frequent, prolonged exposure.
• Additives: Some flavored sparkling waters contain artificial sweeteners, added sugars, or other ingredients that can negatively impact health. Always check the label for simple, minimal ingredients.

How to Identify the Safest Sparkling Water

Making an informed choice requires a multi-faceted approach. Here are key factors to consider when selecting a safe sparkling water:

1. Look for Brands with Zero or Low PFAS: Research brands that have published third-party testing results showing non-detectable or very low levels of PFAS. Several brands have been highlighted in recent reports for their commitment to safety, including Mountain Valley, Sound, Proud Source, and Gerolsteiner.
2. Choose BPA-Free Packaging: Favor brands that explicitly state their cans are BPA-free. Many brands now use BPA-free liners or offer products in glass bottles. Glass is an excellent choice as it is non-porous and infinitely recyclable.
3. Read the Ingredient List: The safest option is unflavored sparkling water containing only water and carbon dioxide. If you prefer flavor, ensure it comes from natural fruit essences and contains no added sugars or artificial sweeteners. Avoid brands that list citric acid as an ingredient, especially if you have dental concerns.
4. Consider DIY Carbonation: Using a home carbonator system with reverse osmosis filtered tap water allows you complete control over your water source and eliminates concerns about external contaminants and packaging. This is one of the most reliable ways to ensure safety and customize your beverage.

Comparison of Leading Sparkling Water Brands

Brand	Type	PFAS Levels (based on recent reports)	Packaging	Key Features
Sound	Seltzer	Non-detectable	BPA-free cans	Uses organic extracts, unique flavors like tea infusions
Mountain Valley	Sparkling Mineral Water	Non-detectable	Glass bottles	Sourced from a natural spring, naturally rich in minerals
Proud Source	Sparkling Spring Water	Non-detectable	Recyclable aluminum bottles	Sourced from a spring, annual water quality reports
Gerolsteiner	Sparkling Mineral Water	Non-detectable	Glass bottles	Very high mineral content, sourced from Germany
Waterloo	Seltzer	Non-detectable	BPA-free cans	Uses filtered water, bold flavors from natural essences
Spindrift	Seltzer + Real Juice	Low (0.19 ppt)	BPA-free cans	Flavored with real squeezed fruit, low calorie
Topo Chico	Sparkling Mineral Water	Higher than safe threshold	Glass bottles	Distinctive mineral taste, popular mixer

Best Practices for Safe Sparkling Water Consumption

Even when choosing a safe brand, adopting certain habits can further protect your health:

• Drink in Moderation: While plain sparkling water is generally safe, consuming very large quantities might not be ideal for everyone, particularly those with sensitive digestive systems.
• Pair with Meals: Drinking sparkling water with a meal stimulates saliva production, which helps neutralize acidity and protect tooth enamel.
• Use a Straw: Using a straw can minimize the contact of acidic liquid with your teeth, further reducing the risk of enamel erosion.
• Monitor Mineral Intake: If you have kidney concerns or are on a low-sodium diet, be mindful of the mineral content in naturally sourced sparkling mineral waters. High levels of sodium or other minerals could be an issue.

Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice

Choosing the safest sparkling water requires diligence, but it is achievable. By focusing on brands that prioritize transparency and third-party testing for contaminants like PFAS, opting for safer packaging like BPA-free cans or glass, and scrutinizing ingredient lists for additives, you can enjoy a refreshing, bubbly beverage without compromising your health. For the ultimate control, home carbonation with a quality water filter is an excellent option. Remember to consume mindfully, especially if you have dental or digestive sensitivities, to make your sparkling water habit as healthy as possible. The Environmental Working Group offers valuable resources for researching water quality and contaminants. https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding your health and beverage choices.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is sparkling water bad for your teeth?

Plain, unflavored sparkling water is minimally erosive to tooth enamel. However, flavored varieties, especially those containing citric acid, are more acidic and can potentially harm teeth with frequent consumption. Drinking with meals and using a straw can help protect your enamel.

What are PFAS and why are they a concern in sparkling water?

PFAS are man-made 'forever chemicals' that don't break down easily in the environment or human body. They have been linked to various health problems. Some sparkling water brands have tested positive for these chemicals, originating from contaminated water sources.

Does sparkling water cause kidney stones?

There is no strong evidence linking sparkling water to kidney stone formation in healthy individuals. The mineral content is generally too low to be a risk. However, those with pre-existing kidney disease should monitor their intake, especially of mineral waters with higher sodium content.

Is BPA-free packaging important for sparkling water?

Yes, BPA-free packaging is important because some cans are lined with BPA, a chemical linked to health issues. Choosing brands that use BPA-free liners or glass bottles reduces this risk.

Can I drink sparkling water if I have a sensitive stomach?

The carbonation in sparkling water can cause bloating, gas, or acid reflux in some individuals, particularly those with conditions like IBS or GERD. If you experience discomfort, it is best to switch to still water or drink less.

Are home carbonation systems safer?

Yes, home carbonation systems using filtered tap water are generally considered a safer alternative. They give you complete control over the water source, filtration, and additives, eliminating concerns about pre-packaged products and their containers.

Is flavored sparkling water safe?

Flavored sparkling water is only safe if it contains no added sugars, artificial sweeteners, or excessive acid. Look for products with simple, natural fruit essences. Always check the ingredients list carefully.