What is the warning on Allura Red?

January 7, 2026 •

2 min read

In the European Union, products containing the food dye Allura Red (E129 or Red 40) must carry a specific warning about its potential link to hyperactivity in children. This labeling requirement emerged following significant research into the synthetic colorant's health implications.

Quick Summary

An official warning label exists for Allura Red (E129/Red 40), highlighting its potential link to hyperactivity in children and other concerns like gut inflammation.

Key Points

EU Labeling: In Europe, products with Allura Red must carry a warning about potential adverse effects on children's activity and attention.
Neurobehavioral Concerns: The Southampton Study linked Allura Red to increased hyperactivity and attention deficits in some children.
Gut Health Impacts: Research in mice indicates the dye can trigger intestinal inflammation, disrupt the gut microbiome, and potentially lead to bowel disorders.
Potential Contaminants: Allura Red has been found to be contaminated with trace amounts of known DNA-damaging and carcinogenic chemicals.
Varying Global Regulations: Regulatory stances differ globally, with the US moving to phase out such dyes while the EU requires warning labels.
Common Name: In the United States, Allura Red is most commonly known as Red 40 or FD&C Red No. 40.
Allergic Reactions: Though less common, Allura Red can cause allergic reactions, including hives and asthma-like symptoms, in sensitive individuals.

The European Union Warning and the Southampton Study

Following a landmark 2007 study, the European Union (EU) mandated a specific warning label for food and beverages containing Allura Red (known as E129 in Europe) and several other synthetic food dyes. This regulatory action was a direct result of the 'Southampton Study,' a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the United Kingdom. The study found a direct correlation between the dietary intake of certain artificial colorings, including Allura Red, and increased hyperactive behavior in children. While the advisory committee recognized some study limitations, the precautionary principle led to this significant policy change.

Health Concerns Associated with Allura Red

Beyond the well-documented neurobehavioral effects in children, several other health concerns have been raised by scientific research regarding the consumption of Allura Red. These issues range from digestive problems to the potential for DNA damage.

Neurobehavioral Effects

The association with hyperactivity and attention deficits in children is the most widely cited warning for Allura Red. The US FDA has stated that while most children show no effects, some may be sensitive to food dyes.

Gut Health and Inflammation

Emerging research points to potential long-term effects on the gastrointestinal system. Animal studies suggest that Allura Red can compromise the intestinal barrier function, disrupt the gut microbiome, and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in the colon. This inflammatory response is concerning given the rising rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially among individuals with diets high in ultra-processed foods. The dye is metabolized by gut bacteria into compounds that are suspected to promote DNA damage and inflammation.

Allergic Reactions

Although relatively rare, allergic reactions are a possible side effect of Allura Red. Symptoms can include hives, asthma-like breathing difficulties, and swelling.

Global Regulatory Differences and Action

Regulation of Allura Red varies significantly across the world. For more detailed information on potential health concerns including DNA damage and carcinogens, and a comparison of global regulations, please refer to {Link: Drugs.com https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/red-dye-40-bad-you-3579805/}.

How to Identify Allura Red

Look for the following on ingredient labels:

E129: The number used in the EU.
FD&C Red No. 40: The name used in the US.
Red 40: Another common name used in the US.
CI Food Red 17: A less common name.
C.I. 16035: The Color Index number.

Conclusion

The warning on Allura Red in the European Union highlights the dye's potential link to hyperactivity in children, supported by studies like the Southampton trial. Research also raises concerns about its impact on gut health, inflammation, and possible genotoxic effects due to contaminants. Regulations vary globally, with the EU taking a precautionary stance and the US planning a phase-out. Consumers can minimize exposure by checking labels for Red 40, FD&C Red No. 40, or E129 and considering naturally colored alternatives.

Optional outbound link: NIH PMC article on Allura Red

Frequently Asked Questions

Allura Red is designated with the E-number E129 in the European Union.

Allura Red is not banned in the EU but requires a warning label. The US FDA announced plans to phase it out by late 2026, and some individual countries or regions have stricter restrictions or bans.

The Southampton Study was a 2007 UK research project that found a link between the consumption of a mix of synthetic dyes, including Allura Red, and increased hyperactivity in children.

Allura Red is not classified as a carcinogen, but it has been found to contain carcinogenic contaminants, and some animal studies suggest a potential link to DNA damage and chronic inflammation.

Historically, the FDA considered Red 40 safe, but announced plans in April 2025 to phase out petroleum-based dyes, including Red 40, by late 2026.

Allura Red is found in many processed foods, including candies, soft drinks, cereals, baked goods, dairy products, and certain medications.

Yes, natural alternatives exist, such as beetroot extract, paprika extract, and black carrot concentrate. Some manufacturers use these in response to consumer demand.

To avoid Allura Red, you should read food labels carefully and look for Red 40, FD&C Red No. 40, or E129. Avoiding ultra-processed foods is the most effective method.