The Allure of Umami: How MSG Works
Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, an amino acid naturally found in foods like tomatoes, cheese, mushrooms, and fermented products. When added to food, it enhances the savory, or umami, flavor profile. Umami is one of the five basic tastes, and MSG can intensify it, creating a richer, more complex flavor experience in many dishes. For condiments like mayonnaise, adding MSG is a way to deepen its savory notes, moving beyond the simple creamy, tangy profile of traditional Western varieties. The addition of MSG is particularly prevalent in certain Asian cuisines and packaged foods, but its use varies widely between manufacturers and regional markets.
Japanese Mayonnaise: The Primary Source of Added MSG
When consumers ask "what mayonnaise has MSG in it?", the Japanese brand Kewpie is the most prominent example. Imported, or original Japanese, Kewpie mayonnaise is famous for its smooth, custardy texture and signature flavor, which comes from using only egg yolks, a blend of vinegars (including rice and apple cider), and MSG. This combination gives it a unique umami kick that distinguishes it from Western counterparts. Its popular squeeze bottle with the star-shaped tip is a common sight in Japanese households and restaurants worldwide.
Kewpie's MSG Variations
It is critical to distinguish between the various Kewpie products available globally, as not all contain added MSG. Since 2017, a made-in-the-USA formulation of Kewpie has been flavored with yeast extract rather than MSG, and it also includes sugar, which is absent from the original Japanese recipe. Yeast extract provides naturally occurring glutamates, offering a similar umami effect, but without the specific addition of monosodium glutamate. To experience the authentic taste of Kewpie with added MSG, consumers must seek out bottles explicitly labeled as imported from Japan. Always check the ingredient list to confirm the presence of "monosodium glutamate" or its E-number, E621, if in regions like Europe or Australia.
American Mayonnaise Brands and Their MSG Status
In contrast to original Japanese Kewpie, most popular American mayonnaise brands explicitly state that they do not add MSG. This is largely due to consumer preference and the historic controversy surrounding MSG, despite the FDA deeming it "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS). Brands such as Hellmann's and Kraft Real Mayonnaise confirm on their websites or labels that they contain "no added MSG" or are "likely MSG Free". However, it's worth noting that some products may contain naturally occurring glutamates from other ingredients, so a "no added MSG" claim does not guarantee a complete absence of all glutamate. Products from brands like Trader Joe's also follow a strict policy of not including added MSG.
How to Identify Added MSG on a Label
The most reliable way to know if a mayonnaise product contains added MSG is to read the ingredient label. The FDA requires that monosodium glutamate be listed by its common name when it is added to food. Be aware, however, that glutamates occur naturally in certain other ingredients that do not need to be labeled as MSG, such as:
- Yeast extract
- Autolyzed yeast
- Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP)
- Soy extracts
- Protein isolate
Checking for these ingredients is the best practice for those seeking to avoid all sources of concentrated glutamate. Furthermore, food standards in different countries may require MSG to be listed by an alternative name or code, such as E621.
Mayonnaise Brands with and Without Added MSG (Comparison Table)
| Feature | Original Japanese Kewpie | U.S. Kewpie | Hellmann's/Best Foods | Kraft Real Mayo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Added MSG? | Yes, contains added monosodium glutamate | No, contains yeast extract for umami | No added MSG | No added MSG |
| Key Ingredients | Vegetable oil, egg yolk, vinegar, salt, MSG, spice | Soybean oil, egg yolks, water, distilled vinegar, salt, sugar, yeast extract, natural flavors | Soybean oil, water, whole eggs, vinegar, salt | Soybean oil, eggs, vinegar, salt |
| Flavor Profile | Richer, more eggy, and distinctly savory (umami) due to the MSG | Rich and creamy, with a distinct tang from vinegars and umami from yeast extract | Classic creamy and tangy flavor, without the strong umami notes from MSG | Smooth and creamy with a classic American mayonnaise taste |
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Mayonnaise
For those seeking the deep umami flavor that comes from added MSG, the original Japanese Kewpie mayonnaise is the go-to option. However, for most consumers in the United States and other Western countries, mainstream brands like Hellmann's and Kraft do not contain added monosodium glutamate. When in doubt, checking the ingredient label is always the surest way to know exactly what is in your food. By being aware of regional variations, ingredient terminology, and flavor-enhancing alternatives like yeast extract, you can make an informed choice that best suits your dietary needs and taste preferences.
Can mayonnaise have natural glutamates?
Yes, mayonnaise can contain naturally occurring glutamates. Some recipes, especially those made with egg yolks and specific vinegars, can have trace amounts of natural glutamates, even if no MSG is added.
Additional Considerations for the Discerning Shopper
For those with specific sensitivities or who wish to avoid all forms of added glutamate, checking the ingredients carefully for any hydrolyzed proteins or yeast extracts is key. Brands promoting "clean" labels or organic options may also provide alternatives. Understanding the distinctions between the original Japanese Kewpie and the American formulation is particularly important for consumers who expect a certain flavor profile. The difference highlights how regulatory and consumer pressures can influence the composition of food products in various markets. The FDA, for instance, requires added MSG to be explicitly listed, while naturally occurring glutamate sources do not require this designation. Ultimately, the best choice of mayonnaise depends on your personal flavor preferences and dietary needs. If you enjoy a powerful umami burst, original Kewpie is your best bet. If you prefer a classic, straightforward flavor, most Western brands will serve you well. For further reading on the FDA's stance on MSG, you can visit their Q&A page.
