The Potent Profile of Lemon Myrtle's Active Compounds
Beyond its refreshing, citrusy taste, the true power of lemon myrtle lies in its chemical composition, particularly its high content of active plant compounds.
Citral: The Signature Scent and Strength
The most characteristic compound in lemon myrtle is citral, which comprises over 90% of its essential oil. This potent plant compound is responsible for the herb’s distinct lemon aroma and powerful antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiseptic properties. Research has shown its effectiveness against common bacteria and fungi, making it a natural defense booster.
Powerful Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Action
Lemon myrtle is exceptionally rich in antioxidants, possessing a higher antioxidant capacity than blueberries. These compounds, including a variety of polyphenols like flavonoids (e.g., rutin, luteoloside) and tannins (e.g., gallic and ellagic acids), combat oxidative stress and protect cells from damage by free radicals. Its anti-inflammatory effects also explain its traditional use for soothing discomfort associated with respiratory and digestive conditions.
Essential Vitamins Found in Lemon Myrtle
As a nutritional powerhouse, lemon myrtle offers a valuable array of vitamins essential for overall health.
A Wealth of Vitamin C
Owing to its high citral content, lemon myrtle leaves provide significant levels of Vitamin C. This vital nutrient is crucial for immune function, tissue repair, and the production of enzymes that help the body fight infections.
Vitamins A and E for Cellular Protection
The herb is a good source of Lutein, a carotenoid vitamin that acts as a precursor to Vitamin A and is known to promote eye health and reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Vitamin E (including various tocopherols) is also present, further contributing to its powerful antioxidant benefits.
Folate for DNA Health
Dried lemon myrtle leaves contain a notable amount of folate (71mg per 100g dry weight). This B-vitamin is necessary for DNA synthesis and repair, supporting healthy cell growth and overall metabolic function.
Abundant Minerals for Foundational Health
Lemon myrtle is particularly rich in minerals, supporting a wide range of physiological functions from bone health to nerve function.
Macro Minerals for Body Systems
- Calcium: An exceptional vegan source of calcium, with dry leaf weight containing over 1500mg per 100g. This is critical for strong bones, teeth, and proper muscle and nerve function.
- Potassium: Essential for maintaining healthy kidney and heart function, with 100g of dry weight containing over 1200mg.
- Magnesium: Supports energy production and is involved in hundreds of biochemical reactions in the body.
- Phosphorus: Vital for bone health and helps regulate how the body uses carbohydrates and fats.
Trace Minerals for Daily Processes
- Iron: Supports energy production, focus, and immune system health.
- Zinc: Crucial for immune function, protein synthesis, and wound healing.
- Manganese: Plays a key role in forming connective tissue and supporting brain function.
- Copper: Aids in iron absorption and helps produce red blood cells.
Comparison of Dried Lemon Myrtle vs. Common Herbs
| Nutrient | Dried Lemon Myrtle (per 100g) | Avocado (for comparison) | Spinach (for comparison) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | ~1583 mg | ~12 mg | ~99 mg |
| Magnesium | ~188 mg | ~29 mg | ~79 mg |
| Lutein | ~6.56 mg | ~0.6-1.1 mg | ~12 mg |
| Folate | ~71 µg | ~81 µg | ~194 µg |
How to Harness Lemon Myrtle's Nutrition
Embracing the benefits of lemon myrtle is simple due to its versatility. Here are some popular ways to use it:
- Tea: Brew dried leaves or powder in hot water for a soothing and nutrient-rich beverage.
- Culinary Spice: Use dried and ground leaves to add a unique citrus flavor to savory dishes like chicken, fish, and curries, or sweet treats such as cakes and desserts.
- Infusions: Create flavored oils, dressings, or syrups by steeping the leaves in liquid.
- Essential Oil (Topical & Aromatherapy): For external use only. Add diluted essential oil to baths, skin treatments, or use in diffusers for its calming and antiseptic properties.
Conclusion: A Native Superfood Powerhouse
Lemon myrtle stands out as a native Australian superfood, not only for its superior citrus flavor but also for its exceptionally dense nutritional profile. From macro and trace minerals to essential vitamins and potent phytochemicals like citral, this herb offers a holistic approach to supporting immune function, reducing inflammation, and promoting overall wellness. Its long history of traditional use and versatility in modern applications cement its place as a valuable addition to any health-conscious diet. Learn more about the native Australian botanical Backhousia citriodora here.
