A Blend of Sugar Alcohols and Artificial Sweeteners
Many consumers want to know what sweetener is in Excel gum to understand the ingredients they are consuming. Excel is a sugar-free gum, so it relies on a carefully formulated combination of non-nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners to achieve its taste. The primary components can be broken down into two major categories: sugar alcohols and high-intensity artificial sweeteners.
Sugar alcohols, also known as polyols, are carbohydrates with a chemical structure similar to sugar but are not fully absorbed by the body. The main ones found in Excel gum are:
- Sorbitol: This is a very common sugar alcohol in sugar-free products and is used for bulk and sweetness. It has a cooling effect in the mouth and is less sweet than sugar, with about 60% of the sweetness. In large quantities, sorbitol can have a laxative effect.
- Maltitol: Another sugar alcohol, maltitol provides sweetness, bulk, and a creamy texture. It is about 90% as sweet as sugar and provides fewer calories.
- Mannitol: Often used as a dusting powder to prevent gum pieces from sticking together, mannitol adds a cooling sensation and sweetness. It is only about half as sweet as sugar.
These sugar alcohols do not promote tooth decay, which is why the American Dental Association (ADA) approves sugar-free gum containing them.
Alongside the sugar alcohols, Excel uses artificial sweeteners to increase the perceived sweetness without adding significant volume or calories. These include:
- Aspartame: A high-intensity sweetener that is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar. It is made from two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, and as a result, products containing it carry a warning for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare genetic disorder.
- Acesulfame-Potassium (Ace-K): Another zero-calorie, high-intensity sweetener that is also about 200 times sweeter than sugar. It is often used in combination with other sweeteners to create a more balanced flavor profile.
The Synergy of Sweeteners
The reason Excel and other sugar-free gums use multiple sweeteners is because of a synergistic effect. Combining sugar alcohols with high-intensity artificial sweeteners achieves a taste profile closer to sugar while using smaller amounts of each. The bulk provided by the sugar alcohols and the intense sweetness from aspartame and acesulfame-potassium work together to create the desired mouthfeel and flavor. This also helps mask any potential aftertaste that a single sweetener might have. For instance, acesulfame-potassium has a clean, immediate sweet taste but a potentially bitter aftertaste, which is balanced by other sweeteners.
Comparison: Common Sugar-Free Gum Sweeteners
| Sweetener Type | Found in Excel Gum? | Calorie Content | Relative Sweetness (vs Sugar) | Digestive Side Effects? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sorbitol | Yes | ~2.6 kcal/g | ~60% | Laxative effect in high doses |
| Maltitol | Yes | ~2.1 kcal/g | ~90% | Laxative effect in high doses |
| Mannitol | Yes | ~1.6 kcal/g | ~50% | Laxative effect in high doses |
| Aspartame | Yes | 0 kcal/g | ~200x | Phenylketonuria (PKU) warning |
| Acesulfame-Potassium | Yes | 0 kcal/g | ~200x | Generally well-tolerated |
| Xylitol | Found in some formulas | ~2.4 kcal/g | ~100% | Toxic to dogs |
The Role of Xylitol and Specific Excel Products
While sorbitol, maltitol, aspartame, and acesulfame-potassium are staples, some versions of Excel gum may contain other ingredients, such as xylitol. For example, some Excel White products explicitly list xylitol, which is a sugar alcohol known for its dental health benefits. Xylitol is not fermentable by the bacteria that cause cavities, and some studies suggest it may even inhibit their growth. Consumers should always check the ingredient label of the specific Excel product they purchase, as formulations can vary by region and product line, for example, between Excel and Excel White.
Ingredient Safety and Regulatory Oversight
The sweeteners used in Excel gum are all approved for use by major food safety authorities, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). However, there is ongoing discussion about artificial sweeteners, and some people may have sensitivities. The use of sugar alcohols can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating and gas, for some individuals, particularly with excessive consumption. As with any food product, moderation is key. For those with specific health concerns, it's always best to consult a healthcare provider.
Conclusion
In summary, Excel gum is sweetened through a mix of sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners, most commonly including sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, aspartame, and acesulfame-potassium. This combination creates a desirable taste and texture without using sugar, and the exact mix can differ between products. These ingredients are regulated and considered safe for consumption in moderation by food safety authorities, but consumers should be mindful of potential digestive effects from sugar alcohols and check the label for any specific allergens or sensitivities, like the phenylalanine in aspartame. Those seeking specific dental benefits may prefer versions that heavily feature xylitol, known for its cavity-fighting properties.
This article provides general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. For specific dietary or health concerns, consult a qualified healthcare provider. More information on sweeteners can be found from the International Food Information Council: https://ific.org/resources/articles/what-is-mannitol/.
