Navigating the Chinese Restaurant Menu for Health
Eating at a Chinese restaurant can be a delicious and satisfying experience. However, the Americanized versions of many popular dishes are often high in sodium, sugar, and unhealthy fats due to heavy sauces and deep-frying. By focusing on traditional cooking methods and ingredients, it's possible to enjoy a meal that is both authentic and healthy. This guide will help you decipher the menu and make choices that align with your dietary goals without sacrificing flavor.
Healthiest Appetizers and Soups
Starting your meal with a nutrient-dense appetizer can prevent you from overeating your main course. Opt for clear, broth-based soups or steamed dumplings instead of greasy, fried options.
Soups for a Healthy Start
- Egg Drop Soup: A simple, broth-based soup made with wisps of beaten egg. It is low in calories and can be a good source of protein.
- Hot and Sour Soup: This flavorful soup, typically made with mushrooms, tofu, and bamboo shoots in a chicken broth, offers a low-calorie way to begin your meal. Just skip the fried noodles often served on top.
- Wonton Soup: Stick to the wontons in clear broth and avoid heavily salted versions.
Steamed Options Over Fried
- Steamed Dumplings: Choose steamed dumplings over their fried counterparts to save on calories and fat. Look for vegetable or shrimp fillings for the leanest option.
- Chicken Lettuce Wraps: A great low-carb appetizer, these wraps use lettuce leaves instead of refined flour wraps and are typically filled with lean ground chicken and vegetables.
Choosing a Healthy Main Course
The main dish is where most of the meal's calories and fat are concentrated. Your healthiest approach is to prioritize dishes that are steamed, boiled, or lightly stir-fried and packed with vegetables and lean protein.
Lean Protein and Vegetable Combos
- Moo Goo Gai Pan: This Cantonese dish consists of sliced chicken and a variety of vegetables like mushrooms, snow peas, and bamboo shoots in a light white sauce. The sauce is typically lower in sodium than soy-based sauces.
- Beef and Broccoli: A classic for a reason, this dish provides a good balance of protein and fiber. Ask for the sauce on the side to control sodium levels.
- Chicken with Broccoli or Bok Choy: Lean chicken paired with nutrient-rich broccoli or bok choy makes for a high-protein, high-fiber meal. Ask for it to be steamed or lightly stir-fried.
- Steamed Fish with Ginger and Scallions: A common traditional Chinese dish, steamed fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and is cooked with minimal oil. Ginger and scallions add flavor without extra calories.
- Szechuan Tofu: For a plant-based option, Szechuan tofu provides protein from the tofu and antioxidants from the chilis. Pair it with a side of steamed vegetables.
What to Avoid: Calorie Bombs and Sugary Sauces
To keep your meal healthy, it is best to avoid dishes that are deep-fried, battered, or drenched in thick, sugary sauces. These include:
- General Tso's Chicken, Sesame Chicken, and Orange Chicken: These are typically deep-fried and smothered in a heavy, sugary sauce.
- Sweet and Sour Pork/Chicken: While tasty, the meat is often fried, and the sauce is loaded with sugar.
- Fried Rice and Lo Mein: These noodle and rice dishes are often prepared with a lot of oil and sodium. Request steamed brown rice or extra steamed vegetables instead.
Making Smart Side Dish Choices
Your choice of side dishes can have a huge impact on your meal's overall healthiness. Opt for whole grains and steamed vegetables to boost fiber and nutrients.
Healthier Side Dish Options
- Steamed Brown Rice: Offers more fiber and nutrients than white rice.
- Extra Steamed Vegetables: A great way to bulk up your meal with fiber and vitamins. Most restaurants can accommodate this request.
- Cucumber Salad: A light, refreshing, and nutritious appetizer or side dish.
How to Customize Your Order
Many restaurants are willing to make adjustments to their dishes to better suit your needs. Don't be afraid to ask for specific preparations.
Ordering Customizations
- Request Sauce on the Side: This allows you to control how much you use, drastically reducing sodium and sugar intake.
- Ask for Steamed: Specify that you want your protein and vegetables steamed rather than stir-fried.
- Substitute Brown Rice: Ask if brown rice is an option instead of the standard white rice.
- Hold the MSG: If you are sensitive to MSG, politely ask the restaurant to prepare your food without it.
Healthy vs. Unhealthy Chinese Dishes: A Comparison
| Item | Preparation Method | Protein | Vegetables | Sauce | Healthiness | Reason | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steamed Fish with Veggies | Steamed | Lean fish | High volume, fresh | Light, ginger/scallion | High | Minimal oil, high omega-3, high fiber | 
| General Tso's Chicken | Deep-fried | Battered chicken | Minimal | Thick, sugary, high-sodium | Low | Heavy batter, deep-fried, high sugar sauce | 
| Moo Goo Gai Pan | Lightly Stir-fried | Lean chicken | High volume, assorted | Light, savory | High | Lean protein, high fiber, less oil and sugar | 
| Fried Rice | Stir-fried | N/A (or small amount) | Small volume | High-sodium, oily | Low | High in calories, fat, and sodium from oil and soy sauce | 
| Steamed Dumplings | Steamed | Meat/veggie filling | Some | Light dipping | High | Lower fat and calories than fried versions | 
| Egg Rolls | Deep-fried | Minimal meat | Small volume | Greasy | Low | Deep-fried, high fat content | 
Conclusion
Finding a healthy meal at a Chinese restaurant is less about what you can't eat and more about making informed choices. By prioritizing traditional cooking methods like steaming and focusing on dishes that are rich in lean protein and vegetables, you can enjoy a flavorful and nutritious meal. Avoiding deep-fried items and heavy sauces, while opting for healthier sides like brown rice or extra steamed vegetables, will leave you feeling full and satisfied without the negative side effects of excess calories, sodium, and fat. For more information on healthy eating, visit the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.