The Importance of Proper Purified Water Storage
Storing purified water correctly is more than a matter of convenience; it is a critical health and safety practice. While purification processes, such as reverse osmosis or distillation, remove contaminants, the water's pristine state can be compromised by poor storage. Contamination can occur from the container material itself, improper sanitation, or the environment where the water is stored. Improperly stored water can develop microbial growth, absorb chemical vapors, or become tainted by leached plastics, all of which can pose serious health risks. Therefore, understanding the best practices for container selection, sanitation, and placement is essential for anyone seeking to preserve the quality of their purified water.
Choosing the Right Storage Container Material
The container you choose is the first and most important line of defense for maintaining water purity. The material must be food-grade and non-reactive to prevent any substances from leaching into the water. The most common and recommended materials are food-grade plastic, glass, and stainless steel.
Food-Grade Plastic
Food-grade plastics, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are a popular choice for water storage due to their durability, light weight, and affordability. Look for containers specifically labeled 'food-grade' or approved for potable water by an organization like the FDA. HDPE is less permeable to vapors than other plastics, making it a reliable option for long-term storage when kept away from chemicals. However, some plastics, particularly single-use PET bottles, can degrade and potentially leach chemicals over time, especially when exposed to heat or sunlight. Avoid using containers that have previously held toxic substances like bleach or chemicals.
Glass
Glass is an excellent material for storing purified water because it is non-porous and chemically inert, meaning it will not leach any substances into the water. It is also easy to clean and does not retain odors or flavors. The main drawback of glass is its fragility, weight, and higher cost compared to plastic. It is best used for short-term, indoor storage where the risk of breakage is low, or for smaller, everyday carry bottles.
Stainless Steel
Like glass, stainless steel is a non-reactive and durable material, making it a safe choice for storing purified water. It is ideal for both portable containers and larger, long-term tanks. Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion and does not leach chemicals. High-quality stainless steel bottles often feature insulation to keep water at a consistent temperature. While typically more expensive than plastic, its durability and safety make it a worthwhile long-term investment.
A Comparison of Water Storage Containers
| Feature | Food-Grade Plastic (HDPE) | Glass | Stainless Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Durability | High; resistant to impact, but can be damaged by heat/sunlight. | Fragile; prone to breakage. | High; very robust and resistant to damage. |
| Cost | Low to moderate; most affordable option. | Moderate to high; more expensive than plastic. | High; premium option, but lasts for decades. |
| Leaching Potential | Low, if food-grade and stored correctly. Higher risk with heat/sunlight. | None; completely non-reactive. | None; completely non-reactive. |
| Weight | Lightweight and easy to transport. | Heavy and less convenient for portability. | Moderate to heavy, depending on insulation. |
| Opacity | Varies; opaque containers prevent algae growth. | Transparent; can promote algae growth if in light. | Opaque; protects water from light exposure. |
The Ideal Environment for Water Storage
Once you have the right container, the storage environment is the next critical factor for preserving water purity. A cool, dark, and dry location is best for all water storage.
- Keep it Cool: Temperatures between 50°F and 70°F are ideal. High temperatures can accelerate the degradation of plastic containers and promote bacterial growth, even in purified water.
- Keep it Dark: Direct sunlight can degrade plastic and promote the growth of algae in transparent containers. Store containers in a shaded area or use opaque containers to prevent this.
- Keep it Dry: A dry environment helps prevent mold and mildew from growing on the outside of containers. Elevated storage can also prevent moisture damage.
- Segregate from Chemicals: Store purified water away from any toxic substances, such as gasoline, paint thinners, pesticides, or cleaning supplies. Plastic, in particular, can be permeable to vapors from these substances, which can contaminate the water's taste and safety.
Proper Sanitation and Handling
Even the best container can be compromised by poor hygiene. Always start with a clean container and practice good handling habits.
- Sanitize Before Filling: Wash containers thoroughly with soap and hot water. Sanitize with a mild bleach solution (1 tsp unscented bleach per gallon of water) for 30 seconds, then rinse completely with clean water and air-dry.
- Use the Right Tools: Use a clean funnel for filling large containers and a spigot for dispensing to avoid contaminating the water with hands or objects.
- Label and Rotate: Label each container with the date of storage. Practice a 'first-in, first-out' system to use older water first, ensuring optimal freshness.
Emergency and Long-Term Storage
For emergency preparedness, a long-term strategy is crucial. The CDC recommends storing at least one gallon of water per person per day for two weeks. For extended storage, a water preserver can be added, and the water should be rotated every 6-12 months. In a survival scenario, knowing how to find and purify water becomes essential, but having a readily available supply is the best first step. For more comprehensive guidelines on creating an emergency water supply, refer to the CDC guidelines on emergency water storage.
Conclusion
Storing purified water safely requires attention to detail, from selecting the right food-grade container to choosing a cool, dark storage location. By prioritizing proper sanitation and segregating your water supply from potential contaminants, you can ensure a reliable source of clean, safe drinking water. Whether for everyday use or emergency preparedness, investing time in correct storage practices is an investment in your health.
