Ceylon vs. Cassia: Understanding the Difference
Cinnamon comes primarily in two types: Cassia and Ceylon. They differ in composition, including levels of coumarin and susceptibility to lead contamination.
- Cassia Cinnamon: Common in U.S. stores, Cassia is cheaper and has a stronger flavor but contains high coumarin, potentially harmful to the liver. It also tends to have higher lead levels.
- Ceylon Cinnamon: Known as "true cinnamon," Ceylon is from Sri Lanka and Madagascar. It is pricier with a milder, sweeter taste. Ceylon contains minimal coumarin and generally shows very low or undetectable heavy metal levels.
Brand-Specific Findings from Consumer Reports
A September 2024 Consumer Reports investigation tested 36 ground cinnamon products and spice blends. While many had elevated lead, some brands demonstrated low levels. Brands with the lowest lead in their tests included:
- 365 Whole Foods Market Organic Ground Cinnamon: As low as 0.02 ppm.
- Loisa Organic Cinnamon: 0.04 ppm.
- Morton & Bassett San Francisco 100% Organic Ground Cinnamon: 0.04 ppm.
- Sadaf Cinnamon Powder: 0.04 ppm.
- 365 Whole Foods Market Ground Cinnamon: 0.12 ppm.
How Lead Contaminates Cinnamon
Lead can enter cinnamon at multiple stages.
- Soil and Water: Cinnamon trees absorb lead from contaminated soil and water.
- Processing: Lead can be introduced during grinding or packaging.
- Imports: FDA alerts have highlighted elevated lead in some imported ground cinnamon.
Actionable Steps for Consumers
To find low-lead cinnamon, prioritize Ceylon cinnamon, also known as Cinnamomum verum.
Comparison Table: Ceylon vs. Cassia
| Feature | Ceylon Cinnamon | Cassia Cinnamon | Why It Matters for Safety |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coumarin Content | Very Low (trace amounts) | High (potential for liver damage with heavy use) | Regular consumption of high-coumarin Cassia is a health risk. |
| Lead Levels | Generally very low or undetectable | Prone to higher levels of contamination | Studies show certain brands of Cassia contain elevated lead levels. |
| Flavor Profile | Mild, sweet, with floral and citrus notes | Strong, spicier, and more pungent | Ceylon's milder taste is excellent for delicate baked goods and daily use. |
| Appearance | Thin, fragile, multi-layered quills | Hard, single, thick bark | A visual check of sticks can help identify the type of cinnamon. |
| Primary Source | Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), Madagascar | China, Indonesia, Vietnam | Source of origin impacts farming regulations and potential contamination. |
| Cost | More expensive due to labor-intensive harvest | Cheaper and more widely available | Higher price often reflects better quality control and sourcing. |
Further Mitigating Your Risk
Beyond choosing Ceylon cinnamon, consider these tips to minimize heavy metal exposure.
- Buy from Reputable Brands: Choose brands that conduct third-party testing.
- Read Labels Carefully: Look for "Ceylon cinnamon" or "Cinnamomum verum". Generic "ground cinnamon" is likely Cassia.
- Vary Your Spices: Rotate your spices to avoid over-consuming any single one.
- Use Whole Sticks: Grinding whole Ceylon sticks yourself can help ensure purity.
Conclusion
To find cinnamon with the least amount of lead, opt for Ceylon cinnamon from a reputable brand. Recent tests confirm that brands like Whole Foods Market and Morton & Bassett offer products with exceptionally low lead levels. Choosing Ceylon and buying from trusted sources helps reduce heavy metal exposure, especially for vulnerable individuals like children and pregnant women.
For details on tested brands, see the Consumer Reports report. Consumer Reports: The 12 Cinnamon Powders You Should Never Use