The concept of a single "number one" safest bottled water is a marketing myth, not a scientific reality. The best choice is highly dependent on an individual's specific health concerns and priorities, such as avoiding microplastics, reducing specific mineral intake, or guaranteeing purity for infants. This article breaks down the key factors that determine bottled water safety, moving beyond simplistic rankings to provide a comprehensive guide for making an informed decision.
Understanding the Different Types of Bottled Water
Not all bottled water is created equal. The source and treatment process significantly impact its final composition. The main categories include:
- Purified Water: Often sourced from municipal tap water, purified water undergoes advanced treatment like reverse osmosis, distillation, or deionization to remove contaminants and dissolved solids. For instance, Aquafina and Dasani both use this method. This process effectively removes many contaminants, but some brands may re-add minerals for taste.
- Distilled Water: This is a type of purified water created by boiling and re-condensing the water, which removes all minerals, salts, and other dissolved inorganic solids. The result is extremely pure but can have a bland taste. Distilled water is often recommended for use in small appliances and for infant formula where mineral content needs to be strictly controlled.
- Spring Water: This is water collected from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface. The mineral and dissolved solid content depends on the geography of the spring. While filtered for bacteria, spring water retains its native mineral profile. Brands like Mountain Valley and Icelandic Glacial are popular natural spring waters.
- Mineral Water: This must contain at least 250 parts per million of dissolved minerals and originates from a geologically and physically protected underground water source. The specific minerals and taste profile vary by brand.
The Silent Threat: Microplastics and Contamination
Recent studies have brought serious attention to microplastics in bottled water. These microscopic plastic particles, potentially hazardous to human health, can enter the water from the bottle itself. Research has shown that almost all bottled water brands contain microplastics, often at levels significantly higher than tap water.
Beyond plastics, testing has revealed other contaminants. A 2008 Environmental Working Group (EWG) investigation found 38 chemical pollutants, including industrial chemicals and bacteria, across ten popular brands. This highlights the need for greater transparency from bottled water companies regarding their source, treatment, and quality testing. The EWG specifically recommends filtered tap water as a safer, more transparent alternative.
Comparison of Water Packaging Materials
| Feature | Plastic (PET) | Glass | Aluminum (Cans) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microplastic Risk | High. Especially with heat or reuse. | None. Inert material. | Very Low. Liner may contain BPA, but modern cans use alternative liners. |
| Chemical Leaching | Possible leaching of chemicals like BPA, BPS, or phthalates, especially when exposed to heat or sun. | None. Completely non-reactive. | Very Low. Historically, some cans used BPA liners, but alternatives are now common. |
| Taste Impact | Can impart a plastic taste, especially if stored improperly. | Purest taste, as it is non-porous and non-reactive. | Neutral, clean taste. Some complain of a faint metallic note. |
| Environmental Impact | High. Many bottles end up in landfills or oceans, contributing to pollution. | Good. Highly recyclable and reusable, but heavy to transport. | Good. Highly and efficiently recyclable. |
| Durability | Prone to scratching and degradation, which can increase microplastic shedding. | Fragile and can break easily. | Durable and protects contents from light. |
The Safest Choices: Distilled or Filtered Tap Water
For those seeking the absolute purest water, free from minerals and potential contaminants, distilled water in a non-plastic container is the most direct solution. However, the lack of minerals may not be ideal for general hydration.
A consistently safer and more economical option is filtered tap water. High-quality home water filtration systems, particularly those using reverse osmosis, can remove a wide spectrum of contaminants, including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. This approach avoids the environmental impact of single-use bottles and provides the highest level of control over water purity. For recommendations on tap water filters, see the Environmental Working Group's guide. [Learn more at the Environmental Working Group website].
How to Choose a Safe Bottled Water
If you must choose bottled water, use these guidelines to make the safest choice:
- Prioritize packaging: Opt for water bottled in glass or aluminum cans to significantly reduce microplastic exposure and chemical leaching. Brands like Mountain Valley and Liquid Death offer these alternatives.
- Choose the right water type: For maximum purity, choose distilled water or reverse osmosis-purified water. If you want beneficial minerals, select a natural spring water from a reputable source, but be aware of its potential for containing some minerals or other trace substances.
- Check for certifications: Look for independent certifications or clear labeling of purification processes. Some water bottling plants undergo third-party auditing to ensure compliance with standards.
- Be wary of marketing: Don't be swayed by vague claims like "pristine" or "pure." As the EWG's investigation shows, these terms don't guarantee safety.
Conclusion: The Final Verdict on Safety
While consumers are often led to believe a single brand holds the title of "safest," the reality is more complex. The safest bottled water to drink is the one that best meets your individual needs for purity, which often means seeking out water bottled in glass or aluminum. However, the most transparent, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution is to invest in a quality home water filtration system and carry a reusable stainless steel or glass bottle. This approach gives you complete control over your water quality, free from the risks of microplastics and inconsistent bottling standards.
