Licorice tea, brewed from the root of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, has a long history of use for both its distinct flavor and medicinal properties. The tea's natural sweetness and soothing qualities have made it a popular remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly those related to the digestive and respiratory systems. However, its powerful active compound, glycyrrhizin, makes daily, long-term consumption a practice that must be approached with extreme caution due to potential adverse health effects.
The Benefits of Occasional Licorice Tea
Consumed in moderation and for short periods, licorice tea can offer several health benefits. Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties are key to its therapeutic effects.
- Digestive Health: Licorice root can help soothe digestive issues like indigestion, acid reflux, and upset stomachs. It works by coating the stomach lining, which offers protection from excessive stomach acid and can help with stomach ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria.
- Respiratory Support: A classic remedy for colds and sore throats, licorice tea acts as an expectorant, helping to loosen mucus and soothe a cough. Some research suggests that glycyrrhizin may even help relieve asthma symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
- Oral Health: Studies indicate that licorice root can help fight bacteria responsible for tooth decay, cavities, and canker sores.
- Skin Conditions: The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties can benefit inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema when applied topically.
The Dangers of Daily and Long-Term Use
The sweet, active component of licorice root, glycyrrhizin, is the primary source of its adverse effects when consumed excessively or chronically (more than four weeks). Excessive glycyrrhizin intake can lead to a condition known as pseudohyperaldosteronism, which mimics a hormonal imbalance.
Potential Side Effects of Overconsumption
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Glycyrrhizin can inhibit an enzyme involved in cortisol metabolism, causing high blood pressure and sodium and water retention. This is a serious risk for individuals with pre-existing hypertension or heart conditions.
- Low Potassium (Hypokalemia): This is a common consequence of chronic licorice intake and can lead to dangerous side effects such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and irregular heartbeat.
- Cardiac Issues: In severe cases, particularly for those with heart conditions, the electrolyte imbalances can cause arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest.
- Pregnancy Complications: Daily or excessive consumption is considered unsafe for pregnant women and can increase the risk of preterm delivery and adverse outcomes for the child's cognitive development.
Understanding Your Licorice Product
Since the glycyrrhizin content can vary significantly between products, it is vital to know what you are consuming. Some brands use Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL), which has had the glycyrrhizin removed to reduce health risks.
Glycyrrhizin vs. Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) Comparison
| Feature | Standard Licorice Tea (contains glycyrrhizin) | DGL Licorice Tea (deglycyrrhizinated) |
|---|---|---|
| Risks of Daily Use | High risk of hypertension and hypokalemia. | Low risk; primarily used for short periods. |
| Key Benefits | Strong anti-inflammatory and sweetening properties. | Primarily targets digestive health without the risk of glycyrrhizin. |
| Recommended Use | Occasional, short-term (under 4 weeks) and moderate intake. | Potentially safer for longer-term use, though expert consultation is still advised. |
| Who Should Avoid | Pregnant/nursing women, people with heart/kidney conditions, hypertension, or low potassium. | Individuals should still consult a doctor due to other potential interactions. |
Safe Consumption Guidelines
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Commission Scientific Committee on Food (ECSCF) recommend limiting daily glycyrrhizin intake to no more than 100 mg for most adults. However, the actual glycyrrhizin content in tea can be highly variable and is often not disclosed. For this reason, many manufacturers of licorice tea recommend limiting consumption to 1–3 cups per day for no more than four to six weeks. Consulting a healthcare provider before starting any daily regimen, especially with pre-existing conditions or medications, is a critical step to ensure safety.
Conclusion: The Bottom Line on Daily Consumption
While licorice tea offers genuine benefits for digestive and respiratory health, drinking it every day is not recommended for most people due to the risk of serious side effects from the glycyrrhizin compound. The risk profile includes potential increases in blood pressure and decreases in potassium levels. For those who enjoy licorice tea, occasional, moderate use for short periods is the safest approach. Alternatively, exploring DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) products can reduce these risks significantly. Ultimately, a personalized consultation with a healthcare professional is the best way to determine if a daily regimen is appropriate for your specific health needs.
Who Should Be Most Cautious?
Individuals with heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney conditions, or low potassium levels should avoid licorice tea entirely. Pregnant and nursing women, as well as those on certain medications like diuretics, corticosteroids, or blood thinners, should also abstain.
For more information on herbal supplements, you can review the guidance from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
