What is Electrolysed Reduced Water (ERW)?
Electrolysed reduced water (ERW), often called alkaline ionized water or hydrogen water, is produced by passing filtered tap water through an electrolysis process. An ionizer device separates the water into two streams using a semi-permeable membrane: an alkaline stream and an acidic one. The water at the cathode becomes the reduced, alkaline portion, enriched with dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2) and exhibiting a negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). It is this molecular hydrogen, a small, highly diffusible molecule, that is now recognized as the primary agent responsible for the observed health benefits associated with ERW, not the pH alone.
The Health Benefits of Molecular Hydrogen in ERW
Enhanced Antioxidant Properties
One of the most widely studied and cited benefits of ERW is its potent antioxidant activity, which is attributed to the dissolved molecular hydrogen. Molecular hydrogen is a selective antioxidant, meaning it can effectively neutralize the most harmful free radicals, such as the hydroxyl radical, while leaving beneficial reactive oxygen species untouched. By reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level, ERW may help protect the body from damage linked to aging and various chronic diseases. Clinical studies have shown that ERW can protect DNA and RNA from oxidative damage.
Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to many health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Research suggests that molecular hydrogen in ERW can exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cellular signaling pathways. Studies on animal models have shown that consuming ERW can protect the intestinal lining and reduce inflammation. In addition, some clinical trials have indicated that ERW may help reduce pro-inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, which are associated with inflammation.
Improved Cellular Hydration
The electrolysis process is said to restructure water molecules into smaller 'micro-clusters,' which proponents claim can be more easily absorbed by the body's cells, promoting deeper hydration. While the 'micro-clustering' theory has been challenged, the observation of enhanced cellular absorption and improved hydration is often reported by users and supported by anecdotal evidence, possibly linked to the slightly higher pH and other properties. Proper hydration is crucial for metabolism, detoxification, and overall cellular function.
Support for Metabolic and Digestive Health
Clinical research in Japan has explored the benefits of ERW for gastrointestinal issues since the 1960s, leading to government approval for medical use for certain conditions. Recent studies have indicated that ERW consumption can reduce oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract and may improve symptoms related to acid reflux and gastritis. Furthermore, some studies suggest ERW can modulate gut microbiota, increasing the presence of beneficial short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Its potential anti-diabetic effects have also been investigated, showing promise in improving insulin sensitivity and regulating blood glucose in some models.
Neuroprotective Effects
Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Studies suggest that the molecular hydrogen in ERW may have neuroprotective properties by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Research on animal models of Parkinson's disease found that ERW reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in neural cells, though more research is needed.
Comparison: Electrolysed Reduced Water vs. Other Water Types
| Feature | Electrolysed Reduced Water (ERW) | Tap Water | Bottled Water | Reverse Osmosis Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key Property | Contains dissolved molecular hydrogen (H2), negative ORP, alkaline pH. | Treated with chemicals like chlorine, variable mineral content. | Variable quality, can be acidic, environmental impact from plastic. | Highly purified, stripped of minerals, potentially acidic. |
| Antioxidant Content | Rich in molecular hydrogen, a powerful antioxidant. | Minimal to no antioxidant properties related to hydrogen. | Minimal to no antioxidant properties. | Minimal to no antioxidant properties. |
| Processing Method | Filtration followed by electrolysis. | Municipal treatment, chlorination. | Often filtered, sometimes with added minerals. | Advanced filtration, removes minerals. |
| Environmental Impact | Requires a water ionizer, but reduces plastic bottle waste. | Low direct consumer impact, but includes energy/chemical use in treatment. | Significant plastic bottle waste and associated environmental costs. | Requires a system and electricity, can produce wastewater. |
| Best For | Health-conscious individuals focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support. | General drinking, readily available. | Convenience, on-the-go hydration. | Areas with poor tap water, but requires re-mineralization. |
Considerations and Safety Concerns
While ERW is generally considered safe for healthy individuals, it is not without potential concerns, especially when produced at a very high pH. Overly high pH water can cause issues, and some older ionizer devices may not produce therapeutically significant levels of molecular hydrogen consistently, or could potentially leach metals from electrodes. As such, it is important to choose a high-quality machine and follow recommended usage guidelines. Additionally, those with kidney issues or other medical conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using high-pH water. For comprehensive information on ERW, consult scientific reviews such as those published by the National Institutes of Health.
Conclusion
Electrolysed reduced water offers scientifically supported health benefits, primarily driven by its concentration of molecular hydrogen. These benefits, including enhanced antioxidant protection, potential anti-inflammatory effects, and support for digestive and metabolic health, make ERW a compelling option for those seeking to optimize their hydration and wellness. As technology improves and research continues, understanding the nuances of ERW versus other water types is key to making informed choices for your health.
