Cherry Extract and Uric Acid: The Scientific Basis
Hyperuricemia, or high uric acid levels, causes gout, a painful inflammatory arthritis. Cherries have long been used as a traditional remedy, and research is now focusing on the science behind this. Anthocyanins, which give cherries their color, are key compounds believed to be responsible for the benefits.
The Role of Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Tart cherries, like Montmorency, have higher levels of these compounds than sweet cherries, making them the focus of many studies. Anthocyanins may help manage uric acid and inflammation, potentially interfering with purine breakdown and boosting uric acid excretion.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Actions
Cherry extract’s anti-inflammatory action is important for gout. Inflammation from urate crystals causes gout pain and swelling. Anthocyanins may inhibit inflammatory enzymes, similar to some NSAIDs. Their antioxidant properties also reduce oxidative stress, common in gout.
Scientific Evidence: What the Studies Show
Studies on cherries, including juice and extract, show mixed results concerning uric acid and gout.
Key Human Studies
- 2012 Case-Crossover Study: This study linked cherry or cherry extract consumption with a 35% lower risk of gout attacks. When combined with allopurinol, the risk was 75% lower.
- 2019 Tart Cherry Juice Study: In overweight and obese adults, tart cherry juice significantly reduced serum uric acid by 19.2% over four weeks.
- 2003 Healthy Women Study: Women who ate Bing cherries saw a 15% drop in plasma urate within hours and increased uric acid excretion.
Conflicting Evidence
Some studies, such as a 2020 study in Rheumatology, did not find a significant effect on serum urate levels in gout patients using tart cherry juice concentrate. This means more research is needed to determine the best use.
Comparing Cherry Extract and Juice
Cherry extract and juice help with gout, but they differ in concentration, sugar content, and ease of use.
| Feature | Cherry Extract (Capsule/Powder) | Tart Cherry Juice (Concentrate) |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration | Highly concentrated, with a standardized dose of anthocyanins. | Requires dilution; potency varies. |
| Sugar Content | Typically sugar-free. | Contains natural fruit sugar, potentially with added sugars. |
| Convenience | Easy to take in capsule or powder form. | Requires mixing into drinks or recipes; less portable. |
| Research | Promising studies on extract. | Broader research base, especially for juice. |
Incorporating Cherry Extract into Your Routine
Consider these points if you plan to use cherry extract. Always consult your healthcare provider.
Dosage and Forms
Dosage varies. Follow the product instructions and consult a doctor. Studies have used doses such as one tablespoon of concentrate twice daily. Choose quality, unsweetened products.
Possible Side Effects
Generally well-tolerated, but some may experience GI issues. High juice consumption might cause diarrhea due to sorbitol. Diabetics should be careful with juice due to sugar content. Those with kidney issues should consult a doctor due to the potassium content of juice.
A Complementary Approach
Cherry extract is a supplement and not a substitute for prescription gout medication. It is most beneficial when used with conventional treatment. Arthritis Foundation: Are Cherries a Cure for Gout?
Conclusion
Research supports the traditional use of cherries for gout. Cherry extract, particularly due to anthocyanins, can help lower uric acid and inflammation, potentially reducing gout attacks. It can serve as a complementary therapy with prescribed medication. Always speak with a healthcare professional before adding cherry extract to your health plan.
