Lactobacillus reuteri is a probiotic bacterium naturally found in humans. Research over decades confirms its status as an effective probiotic, with therapeutic properties linked to its influence on gut bacteria, production of antimicrobials, and immune system regulation. It is important to note that the benefits of L. reuteri are often specific to individual strains. Recent reviews support its use for various health concerns.
Benefits for Digestive Health and Gut Balance
Infantile Colic
L. reuteri is particularly well-known for its effectiveness in reducing crying time in breastfed infants with colic, especially the DSM 17938 strain. This benefit is thought to be due to its ability to change gut bacteria, reduce inflammation, and decrease pain sensitivity.
Diarrhea and Constipation
This probiotic shows promise in treating both diarrhea and constipation. It can shorten the duration of acute diarrhea, especially in children, by fighting harmful bacteria and producing antimicrobial substances like reuterin. For chronic constipation, strains like DSM 17938 have been shown to help increase bowel movements in infants and adults by improving gut movement.
Helicobacter pylori and other GI Conditions
When used alongside antibiotics for H. pylori, L. reuteri can help reduce side effects like diarrhea and bloating. It may also directly inhibit the growth of H. pylori. Studies suggest it may have benefits for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) due to its anti-inflammatory effects. It may also help manage abdominal pain in children and improve symptoms of diverticulitis.
Advantages for Oral and Skin Health
Oral Cavity
L. reuteri can improve oral health by managing conditions caused by imbalances in mouth bacteria, such as gum disease and cavities. It works by competing with and inhibiting harmful oral bacteria. Studies show that using products with specific L. reuteri strains can reduce bad bacteria in saliva and improve gum health. It may also help with oral ulcers.
Skin Health
Applying or taking L. reuteri has shown positive effects on various skin conditions. Research suggests potential benefits for atopic dermatitis (eczema), including reduced dryness and irritation. It can also fight opportunistic skin pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Some strains may also improve the skin barrier, help with acne, and potentially reduce inflammation from UV exposure.
Immune System Modulation
L. reuteri influences the immune system, with different strains having varying effects. It affects both the initial and longer-term immune responses by changing levels of key signaling molecules. Some strains can increase anti-inflammatory substances while decreasing pro-inflammatory ones, contributing to its effectiveness in various conditions.
Comparison of Common L. reuteri Strains
| Feature | L. reuteri DSM 17938 | L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Human origin. | Human origin. |
| Key Digestive Benefits | Most studied for alleviating infantile colic and acute diarrhea. | Primarily studied for oral health. |
| Key Oral Benefits | Reduces pathogens in periodontal treatments and S. mutans in saliva. | Inhibits periodontopathic bacteria and shows promise for oral ulcers. |
| Key Skin Benefits | Safe and effective in topical ointments for atopic dermatitis; anti-inflammatory and barrier-enhancing properties. | Not a primary focus of skin studies. |
| Other Benefits | May improve insulin sensitivity. | Less extensive research on systemic effects. |
| Known Mechanisms | Reuterin production, anti-inflammatory immune modulation, barrier enhancement. | Anti-inflammatory properties, production of other antimicrobials. |
Other Potential Health Advantages
Research is exploring L. reuteri for other health issues as well. Some strains may improve cholesterol and blood sugar levels. It can also affect metabolic pathways related to body fat. Studies on the gut-brain connection suggest potential links to neurological conditions like autism and depression in animal models. Early research also indicates potential for reducing bone loss.
Understanding the Mechanisms Behind the Benefits
L. reuteri's benefits come from several actions:
- Producing antimicrobials: It produces substances like reuterin that fight off various harmful pathogens.
- Competing with bad bacteria: It attaches to surfaces in the gut and mouth, preventing harmful bacteria from colonizing.
- Strengthening the gut barrier: It helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal lining.
- Modulating the immune system: It influences the production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances, promoting a balanced immune response.
- Creating beneficial compounds: Certain strains produce helpful substances like short-chain fatty acids, vitamins B9 and B12, and serotonin.
Conclusion
Research confirms that L. reuteri is a versatile probiotic with potential benefits for digestive, oral, and immune health, answering the question, What are the benefits of L reuteri?. Its effectiveness is highly dependent on the specific strain. While generally safe, minor side effects like gas and bloating can occur. Those with weakened immune systems should consult a healthcare provider. Ongoing research continues to reveal the promise of L. reuteri as a supplement for overall health.
For further information, a detailed review titled "Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 (Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938): An Overview of the Current Literature in Different Pediatric and Adult Gastrointestinal Disorders" is available in Nutrients.
