What is Alkalinity and Why Increase It?
Before modifying your water, it's essential to understand the difference between pH and alkalinity. The pH level measures how acidic or basic water is on a scale of 0 to 14. Alkalinity, on the other hand, is a measure of the water's ability to resist changes in pH. It is determined by the concentration of buffering ions, primarily bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides. While the concepts are related, simply raising the pH isn't the whole picture. Some people seek a higher pH for reasons like neutralizing excess body acidity, though medical evidence is limited and caution is advised. Excessive alkalinity can also be harmful, potentially causing side effects like nausea or muscle twitching, and can disrupt natural digestive processes.
Low-Cost and Simple DIY Methods
For those wanting to experiment with a quick and budget-friendly solution, there are two primary methods you can try with everyday items.
The Baking Soda Method
Sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, is a highly alkaline substance that can effectively raise your water's pH.
To use this method:
- Fill an 8-ounce (237 mL) glass with tap water.
- Add a small amount of baking soda, typically ⅛ to ½ teaspoon.
- Stir vigorously until the baking soda is completely dissolved.
- Check the pH with a test kit to ensure it is in the desired range.
Important Considerations:
- Baking soda adds sodium to your water, so those on low-sodium diets should avoid this method.
- Overuse can lead to potential side effects like vomiting or diarrhea.
- The taste may be noticeably altered.
Using pH Mineral Drops
Available in most health food stores and online, pH drops are a concentrated liquid of minerals and electrolytes designed to increase water's alkalinity.
To use this method:
- Follow the instructions on the bottle, which usually involve adding a few drops to a glass of water.
- This method is convenient for travel and doesn't affect the taste significantly.
Drawback: These drops do not filter or purify your tap water, so you are only adjusting the pH of the existing water.
Filtration Systems for Consistent Results
For a more consistent and hands-off approach, several products can be used at home to produce alkaline water.
Alkaline Filter Pitchers
These work like standard water filter pitchers but contain additional stages of filtration that add beneficial alkaline minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, back into the water as it passes through.
- They are relatively inexpensive compared to ionizers.
- They offer both filtration and alkalization in a single device.
- The filters need to be replaced regularly to maintain effectiveness, which adds to the ongoing cost.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) with Remineralization
An RO system is a powerful water purification method that removes up to 99% of contaminants, including minerals. Because this process also removes the beneficial minerals that contribute to alkalinity, some systems include a final remineralization stage. This stage adds alkaline minerals back into the water, raising its pH and improving its taste.
- Pros: Provides both excellent purification and controlled alkalization.
- Cons: Can be expensive and may require professional installation. The process also produces wastewater.
Advanced and Long-Term Solutions: Water Ionizers
For a high-end, long-term solution, a water ionizer is an appliance that uses electrolysis to separate tap water into alkaline and acidic streams.
- Customizable pH: Most machines allow you to select your desired pH level.
- Electrolysis Process: The water passes through an electrolysis chamber with platinum-coated titanium electrodes.
- Cost: Water ionizers are a significant investment, often costing upwards of several hundred to a few thousand dollars.
- Acidic Waste: A byproduct of the process is acidic water, which needs to be disposed of, though it can be used for cleaning purposes.
Comparison of Water Alkalization Methods
| Method | Cost | Ease of Use | Consistency | Water Filtering | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baking Soda | Very Low | Very Easy | Manual, Varies | No | Adds sodium; can alter taste. Not for long-term daily use due to potential side effects. |
| pH Drops | Low | Very Easy | Manual, Varies | No | Convenient for travel; no taste change; does not filter water. |
| Alkaline Pitcher | Medium | Easy | Good | Yes (Basic) | Filters need regular replacement; good balance of cost and convenience. |
| RO + Remineralization | High | Easy (Automated) | Excellent | Yes (Advanced) | Significant upfront cost; produces wastewater; provides pure, re-mineralized water. |
| Water Ionizer | Very High | Easy (Automated) | Excellent | Yes (Some Models) | Highest cost; produces acidic wastewater; adjustable pH settings. |
Considerations Before You Start
Before you begin increasing your tap water's pH, it's wise to test your current water quality. Your local water supplier can provide a report, or you can purchase a home test kit. This gives you a baseline and helps you determine if filtration for contaminants is also necessary.
For those considering the investment in a more advanced system like an RO filter or ionizer, think about your household's overall water needs. An RO system purifies water for all uses, not just drinking, making it a more comprehensive solution for overall water quality. Ionizers are specifically designed to create alkaline and acidic water for specific uses.
While some people report health benefits from drinking alkaline water, scientific evidence is limited and contested. The human body is remarkably good at maintaining its own pH balance, and consuming very high alkaline water can actually overwork your kidneys and disrupt your digestive system. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before making significant changes to your diet, including drinking highly alkaline water frequently.
Conclusion
Increasing the alkalinity of your tap water can be accomplished through various methods, each with its own pros and cons regarding cost, convenience, and water quality. From the simple, inexpensive baking soda method to the high-tech investment of a water ionizer, the right choice depends on your budget, commitment, and desired level of consistency. For most people, a simple alkaline filter pitcher offers an excellent balance of cost, ease, and effectiveness. However, those seeking maximum purity and control might prefer a reverse osmosis system with a remineralization stage. Always proceed with caution, monitor your pH levels, and be mindful of the potential risks, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are on a low-sodium diet.
An excellent source for further information on water quality can be found at the Safe Drinking Water Foundation.
How to Increase Alkalinity in Tap Water: Key Takeaways
- Baking Soda: A very low-cost, quick way to raise pH, but adds sodium and may alter taste. Not recommended for daily, high-volume consumption due to potential health effects.
- pH Drops: A simple and portable solution for increasing alkalinity without affecting taste. It is not a filtration method, so existing contaminants remain in the water.
- Alkaline Pitchers: A convenient, affordable option for filtered and alkalized water, offering a good balance of cost and performance with the need for filter changes.
- RO with Remineralization: An advanced, comprehensive solution that purifies water extensively before re-adding beneficial minerals. Higher upfront cost and potential for wastewater.
- Water Ionizers: The most expensive option, using electrolysis for customizable pH levels. Creates acidic waste and its health benefits are still widely debated in the scientific community.
- Health Considerations: Always research the potential risks, consult a doctor, and start with moderation. Your body naturally regulates its pH, so dramatic changes can have adverse effects.
- Test Your Water: Use a home test kit or check your local water report to get a baseline pH and understand your water's needs before altering it.
FAQs
Q: Is drinking alkaline water safe for everyone? A: While moderate consumption is generally considered safe, some people may experience side effects like nausea, muscle twitching, or confusion, especially when consuming excessively high pH water. Those with kidney disease or on certain medications should be cautious and consult a doctor.
Q: How does adding lemon juice make water alkaline? A: Though lemons are acidic, they have an alkaline effect on the body after being metabolized. Adding lemon juice to water creates an alkaline-forming byproduct, making it an indirect method for achieving alkalinity.
Q: Will an alkaline pitcher remove all contaminants? A: No. The filtration provided by alkaline pitchers is generally basic and focuses on improving taste and adding minerals. For more comprehensive purification, a more advanced system like reverse osmosis is necessary.
Q: Is it better to drink naturally alkaline water or artificially made alkaline water? A: Naturally alkaline water from springs often contains minerals like calcium and magnesium, which contribute to its alkalinity. Artificial ionizers use electricity to split water and don't necessarily add beneficial minerals, though some models have filters for this purpose. The health benefits of either type of water are still debated.
Q: Can I increase the alkalinity for my whole house? A: Yes, through whole-house filtration systems that include a mineral remineralization stage or a neutralizing filter containing calcite or corosex. These are more complex and require professional installation.
Q: How do I know the correct amount of baking soda to add? A: The amount varies depending on your tap water's initial pH. It is crucial to start with a small amount (like ⅛ teaspoon per 8oz) and use a home pH test kit to monitor and adjust until you reach your desired level.
Q: What is a safe pH range for drinking water? A: The U.S. EPA recommends a pH between 6.5 and 8.5 for public water systems. Most people's bodies will adjust and balance small variations, but extremely high pH water can be dangerous.
Q: How do water ionizer machines work? A: Water ionizers use a process called electrolysis, separating the water into two streams: one alkaline and one acidic. An electrical current is passed through the water, attracting negative and positive ions to different compartments.
Q: Are there any alternatives to a water ionizer? A: Yes, more cost-effective options include alkaline filter pitchers, reverse osmosis systems with remineralization, and simple mineral drops. These methods avoid the high initial cost and electricity usage of an ionizer.
Q: What are the risks of drinking highly alkaline water? A: Consuming water with a pH above 9 can disrupt your body's natural pH regulation, potentially leading to gastrointestinal issues, mineral imbalances, and a condition called metabolic alkalosis. It can also interfere with medications.
Q: Can I use highly alkaline water for cooking? A: Using highly alkaline water for cooking may affect the texture, color, or flavor of certain foods, especially vegetables. It is best to use neutral or slightly alkaline water for most cooking applications.
